Codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the main pest of apple all over world. Besides usage broad spectrum insecticides being control for C. pomonella, also there a potential entomapathogen nematodes(EPN) same control. In this study, efficacies four entomopathogenic nematode species [Steinernema carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05), S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir), Heterorhabditis bac...

The infectivity, incubation time, and reproduction of three heterorhabditid nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp. Bacardis and FL2122 strains and H. bacteriophora Poinar HP88 strain were studied in two insect hosts, an apionid weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.), and a pyralid moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). Two of the nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp. Bacardis and FL2122 strains, were of tropical or subtropi...

A wide range of micro-organisms, including yeasts, was found to be inhibited by the primary form of Xenorhabdus spp., but not by the secondary form. Only one Xenorhabdus strain, the symbiont of Neoaplectana glaseri, did not inhibit any of the micro-organisms tested; it is suggested that this strain may not have been isolated in the primary form. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to all acti...

Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy oftransgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). In conjunction with refuges of non-Bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. Furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to...

The susceptibility of adult sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), to five local Syrian isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema riobravae Texas, S. carpocapsae C3B, and H. bacteriophora 8-14 strains was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 nematodes per adult were bioassayed; for each nematode concentration, f...

Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered a major pest in temperate fruit trees, such as peach and apple. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are regarded as viable for pest management control due to their efficiency against tortricid in these trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of native EPNs from Rio Grande do ...

Abstract Background The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura [Fab.] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a devastating insect pest of several crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are used as an alternative control measure in lieu hazardous synthetic chemical applications. Results A survey naturally occurring EPNs was conducted across province Cotaba...