Almost all industrial catalysts are heterogeneous, the reaction taking place on a solid surface. During the past decade homogeneous catalysts, soluble in the liquidphase reactant, have received a great deal of attention, although they have so far found only limited industrial use, chiefly because of the di$culty of their separation from the reaction products. More recently an intermediate type,...

Sima Kalhor was born in Qom, Iran in1988. He received his B.Sc. in applied Chemistry (2012) from Islamic Azad University Qom and M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry (2014) at Islamic Azad University Qom, Iran. Also, she is currently working towards her Ph.D. student in Organic Chemistry (2016) under the supervision of Prof. Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. Her research interest is the synthesis, characterization ...

Meysam Yarie was born in 1987 in Malayer/ Hamedan, Iran. He received his B.Sc. in Applied Chemistry (2010) from Malek-Ashtar University of Technology and M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry (2012) from Kurdistan University under the supervision of Dr. Kamal Amani. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. His research interest is the synthesis, c...

Stereoselectivity in alkene metathesis is a challenge and can be used as a tool to study active sites under working conditions. This review describes the stereochemical relevance and problems in alkene metathesis (kinetic vs. thermodynamic issues), the use of (E/Z) ratio at low conversions as a tool to characterize active sites of heterogeneous catalysts and finally to propose strategies to imp...

Pd/C and CoPd/C heterogeneous catalysts have been synthesized by adopting Charge Enhanced Dry Impregnation (CEDI). The particles size distribution, their high metal surface-to-bulk ratios, and synthesis feasibility are unmatchable to any known noble metal bimetallic heterogeneous catalyst preparation techniques. Next generation Fuel Cells and Fischer-Tropsch catalytic processes economy will be ...

The first example of a tandem reaction involving double-bond migration in combination with telomerization is reported. Homogeneous and heterogeneous Ru catalysts were employed as isomerization catalysts, and telomerization was realized using a homogeneous Pd(0) precursor complex with a N-heterocyclic carbene (IMes) ligand. Overall conversions approaching 60% were achieved with the best selectiv...

Chitosan, a bio-based polymer which has similar characteristics to those of cellulose, exhibits cationic behavior in acidic solutions and strong affinity for metals ions. Thus, it has received increased attention for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. Recent studies demonstrated that chitosan-based catalysts had high sorption capacities, chelating activities, stability and versatility,...

The Mg/La mixed oxide catalyst with varied molar ratio has been synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized using various analytical techniques. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts is studied for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from cyclic carbonates and methanol. Various reaction parameters such as temperature, reactant ratio and catalyst amount have been studied to o...

The optimization of oxide-supported metal clusters as heterogeneous catalysts requires a detailed understanding of the metal cluster–oxide interface. Model catalysts, prepared by deposition of a catalytically active metal onto a thin film oxide support, closely mimic real-world catalysts, yet are amenable to study using surface sensitive techniques. Surface science methods applied to model cata...

Pyrrolizin-3-ones (e.g. 1) can be easily hydrogenated to their hexahydro (pyrrolizidin-3-one) derivatives in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. Good diastereoselectivity (up to >97:3, depending on catalysts and solvent) can be achieved if the pyrrolizin-3-one is substituted at the 1- (or 7-) position(s), but the selectivity is reduced if both positions are substituted. Subsequent deoxygen...