Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. Hes genes also display an oscillatory expression pattern and control the timing of biological events, such...

Abstract: Background: Methotrexate (MTX), a successfully used chemotherapeutic in the treatment of various malignancies and autoimmune diseases, might cause severe nephrotoxicity. Here, we aimed at investigating possible nephroprotective effects hesperidin (HES), flavanone present citrus fruits, against MTX-induced toxicity. Methods: Rats were divided into control, HES, MTX, MTX/HES groups, whe...

INTRODUCTION There are limited data on the efficacy of early fluid resuscitation with third-generation hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130) in burn injury. Adverse effects of HES on survival and organ function have been reported. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, 48 patients with severe burn injury were assigned to receive either lactated Ringer's solution plus 6% HES 130/0...

The long-term objective of computational enzyme design is the ability to generate efficient protein catalysts for any chemical reaction. This thesis develops and experimentally validates a general computational approach for the design of enzymes with novel function. In order to include catalytic mechanism in protein design, a high-energy state (HES) rotamer (side chain representation) was const...

We read with interest the article by Meybohm and colleagues regarding the use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in critically ill patients [1]. Although we may agree with their conclusion that the most important question is whether or not HES may be harmful, we cannot agree with their suggestion on further clinical use based only on strict indication for HES or a safety checklist. In recent major ra...

BACKGROUND In England there are four national routinely collected data sets on births: Office for National Statistics (ONS) births based on birth registrations; Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) deliveries (mothers' information); HES births (babies' information); and NHS Numbers for Babies (NN4B) based on ONS births plus gestational age and ethnicity information. This study describes and compar...

We have compared the effects of progressive (30% and 60%) in vitro haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES), gelatin (GEL) and albumin (ALB) with haemodilution using 0.9% saline in 96 patients by thrombelastography. Haemodilution with HES, GEL and ALB significantly (P < 0.05) compromised coagulation time (k), angle alpha and maximal amplitude (MA), with HES having the most negative effect a...

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia and organ involvement. Different treatments have been investigated in HES with modest success. It has been suggested that imatinib is active in HES. We treated 9 patients with HES with 100 mg imatinib daily. Doses for patients without response after 4 weeks were increased to 400...

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder typically seen in males, aged 20 to 50, with a predisposition for Caucasians. It is marked by overproduction of eosinophils (>1,500/μL) and multiorgan system damage due to eosinophilic infiltration and mediator release. There are multiple variants of HES. Cardiac complications are more common in myeloproliferative HES associated with the FIP1L...

This article aims to highlight the positions of the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency regarding use and marketing of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) products, and how these have changed over recent years. In 2013, warnings from both agencies advised against use of HES in critically ill patients, including patients with sepsis, when several large randomized controlled tria...