BACKGROUND Recombinant human endostatin (rhES) is an angiogenesis inhibitor used as a specific drug for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. As mRNA concentration affects the recombinant protein expression level, any factor affecting mRNA concentration can alter the protein expression level. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) is a statistical tool f...

Both sustainability and education are challenging process-oriented objectives. When the aim is to combine both notions, as in Higher Education in Sustainability (HES), it is indispensable to first establish a common ground between them. In this paper, we characterise this common ground in terms of four aspects: future orientation, normativity, global perspective, and theory engaged in practice....

BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) with lower impact on blood coagulation but longer intravascular persistence are of clinical interest. The current study aimed to investigate in vivo the isolated effect of molecular weight on blood coagulation during progressive acute normovolemic hemodilution. METHODS Twenty-four pigs were normovolemically hemodiluted up to a total exchange of 50 ml . k...

BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 may impair blood coagulation less than other HES solutions and, thus, may be used at larger doses without increasing the risk of postoperative bleeding. This study tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with 6% HES 130/0.4 at a dose of up to 50 ml/kg does not increase blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective coronary artery bypass s...

issue due to increasing evidence that HES accumulates in plasma and various tissues and therefore leads to unfavourable outcome in critically ill patients [1,2]. No simple methods are available for monitoring HES plasma levels; present technologies to measure HES are based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which are timeconsuming and need advanced equipment [3]. Here, we applied Lugol’s ...

BACKGROUND Third-generation hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions have been developed to minimize negative effects on hemostasis. In normal pregnancy, the coagulation activity increases, reaching a maximum around term. This study examined the effects of hemodilution with HES 130/0.4 (6%) on blood coagulation in parturients in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Forty parturients scheduled for cesarean s...

In brain-dead donor resuscitation, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) use has been associated with presence of osmotic-nephrosis-like lesions in kidney transplant recipients. Our aim was to determine whether the presence of HES in protocol renal graft biopsies at three months (M3) after transplantation is associated with renal graft quality. According to the HES administered to the donor during the proc...

PURPOSE Although toxic to the retina in its native form, the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) shows no apparent retinal toxicity when bound to hydroxyethyl-starch (HES). Conjugation of DFO does not alter its iron binding properties. Once bound, iron is no longer active in the production of toxic oxygen intermediates. This investigation seeks to determine whether HES-conjugated DFO (HES-DFO) pro...

We studied the long-term efficacy and safety of medium-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) administered in doses above 20 ml.kg-1 during major blood replacement therapy. Blood replacement for 50 patients used 6% HES 200/0.5 (HES group) or 5% albumin (ALB group) and additional blood components according to a defined protocol. We compared safety, efficacy and costs in 4 peri-operative days...