Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped pararetrovirus with a DNA genome, which is found in an up to 36 nm-measuring capsid. Replication of the genome occurs via an RNA intermediate, which is synthesized in the nucleus. The virus must have thus ways of transporting its DNA genome into this compartment. This review summarizes the data on hepatitis B virus genome transport and correlates the find...

Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is considered a risk factor for progression of liver disease in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This disease progression is reported to be more significant in those with concomitant HIV infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence rate of OBI in a sample of HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six HIV-infected pati...

For the study of hepatitis B virus infection, no permissive cell line or small animal is available. Stably transfected cell lines and transgenic mice which contain hepadnavirus genomes produce virus, but--unlike in natural infection--from an integrated viral transcription template. To transfer hepadnavirus genomes across the species barrier, we developed adenovirus vectors in which 1.3-fold-ove...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have demonstrated the dominance of genotype D subtype ayw in patients with hepatitis B virus infection in Turkey. The aim of the present study is to report, for the first time, genotype A2 subtype adw2 of hepatitis B virus in a patient who is an inactive hepatitis B carrier in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from the serum samp...

background: because dental staff members are in continuous contact with blood and contaminated fluids of patients, they are considered as a high risk group. their knowledge about standard precautions is thus important in preventing infectious diseases such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the purpose of this study was to estimate the injuries that occur in dental staff and t...

Key words: fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis; graft failure; surface antigen, as well as anti-HBc and anti-HBe hepatitis B virus; interferon-a; renal transplantation antibodies. He was seronegative for HBeAg, anti-HCV antibody (ELISA 2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Serum hepatitis B virus DNA determined by PCR was negative. His pretransplant liver function was normal.

Polymerase chain reaction is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of hepatitis B virus-DNA and hepatitis C virus-RNA in serum, liver tissue, and peripheral mononuclear blood cells. In chronic hepatitis B, it is particularly useful for identification of infectious subjects who are hepatitis B surface antigen positive and anti-hepatitis B e antigen antibody-positive, and for follow up o...

In this cross-sectional study, 207 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative kidney transplant recipients were evaluated based on demographic and epidemiological data and on the levels of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection and liver enzymes. Patients with HBV or human immunodeficiency virus infection were excluded. Sera were analysed for the presen...