Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: BCG: Bacillus Calmete Guerin; CI: Confidence Interval; DHIS: District Health Information System; DPTHepHIB: Diphtheria, pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis, haemophilus influenza type B; DPTHepHIB1: Diphtheria, pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis, haemophilus influenza Type B dose no 1; DPTHepHIB2: Diphtheria, pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis, haemo...

The prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is approximately 3% around the world. This virus causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The effectiveness of interferon-α and ribavirin therapy is about 50% and is associated with significant toxicity and cost. Hence, generating new vaccines or drugs is an obligation. However, there is no vaccine available for clinical u...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate progress in timely vaccination coverage associated with low-income households. DESIGN The US National Immunization Survey. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 19 to 35 months living in low-income households who were sampled between 1995 and 2007 (N = 232 318). Low-income households had an annual income that was 133% or less of the federal poverty level, and high-income househol...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B vaccine that contains an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant induces apoptotic death of Hepa 1-6 cells. Difficult-to-degrade chemical additives in vaccines effectively enhance vaccine immunogenicity, but also affect the host tissue. Identification of bio-molecules that are readily degraded and compatible in vivo as an adjuvant is important for vaccine research. The hapten-carrier...

This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases viral or bacterial origin. Despite introduction antibiotics and vaccines, plasma immunoglobulin from whole blood donation can still play a key role. These treatments provide passive transfer high-titer antibodies that either reduces risk severity infection offer immediate but short-term protectio...

OBJECTIVE To describe the profile of injecting drug users living with HIV/AIDS and estimate hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence rates within this group. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted with 205 injecting drug users living with HIV/AIDS receiving attention in three public health clinics in the city of Sao Paulo, in 2003. A non-probabilistic sample of volunteers was selected consecut...

Meeting the health needs of adolescents who live in high-risk settings such as homeless shelters, migrant camps, juvenile detention centers, prisons, and other types of residential facilities presents many challenges. Although there is no doubt that adolescents in many high-risk settings are at increased risk for hepatitis B and human papillomavirus, acute medical and psychological problems may...