Radioimmunoassay was used to determine ecdysteroid titers in mated or unmated Drosophila melanogaster females. Whole-body ecdysteroid titers increase after mating and this response is more pronounced after 12-24 hours than it is immediately after mating. In one experiment, females were mated to transgenic males deficient in accessory gland proteins to test whether these peptides mediate the obs...

The present study demonstrates tissue-specific (hemolymph and fat body) and inter-voltine [bivoltine (BV) and trivoltine (TV)] differences in oxidatively damaged products, H2O2 content, and the relative level of antioxidant protection in the diapausing pupae of Antheraea mylitta. Results suggest that fat body (FB) of both the voltine groups has oxidative predominance, as evident from the high v...

1. The inhibition of trypsin, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G, and pancreatic elastase by the hemolymph of 14 insect species in six orders has been investigated. 2. All samples showed great diversity in terms of both total proteinase inhibitory capacity and specificity. 3. The highest total inhibitory capacity was found in the larval hemolymph of species in the beetle family T...

A protein which binds specifically to the phosphorylcholine residues of a phosphorylcholine affinity column in the presence of CaZ+ has been isolated from the hemolymph of the horseshoe crab Limuluspolyphemus. Immunological cross-reactivity of the phosphorylcholine-binding protein with limulin, a sialic acid-specific lectin also found in the hemolymph prepared by a different method, was shown b...

Recent studies suggest that the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has low immune defenses. However, its immune components are largely undescribed, and notably, extensive characterization of circulating cells has been missing. Here, we report characterization of five cell categories in hemolymph of adults of the LL01 pea aphid clone, devoid of secondary symbionts (SS): prohemocytes, plasmatocytes,...

crab Callinectes swimming crabs th southern coasts of Fowler, 1984; Milli estuarine habitat is characterized by fluctuating salinities and temperatures, which can impose substantial ionic and osmotic stress on inhabitants. Although both C. sapidus and C. similis co-occur in estuarine waters from 30 to 15 ‰ salinity, C. sapidus also inhabits more dilute waters, as low as 0 ‰, and generally prefe...

Seven sets of recombinant expression vectors were constructed for the expression of the human anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) 13CG2 fused to the C terminus of GFP(uv) or bombyxin (bx) signal peptide in the hemolymph and fat body of silkworm larvae and pupae, using cysteine protease- (BmNPV-CP(-)), and cysteine protease- and chitinase-deficient (BmNPV-CP(-)Chi(-))...

Acclimation from marine to dilute environments constitutes among the dramatic evolutionary transitions in the history of life. Such adaptations have evolved in multiple lineages, but studies of the blood/hemolymph homeostasis mechanisms are limited to those using evolutionarily advanced Deuterostome (chordates) and Ecdysozoa (crustaceans). Here, we examined hemolymph homeostasis in the advanced...

Rabbit antibodies to hemolymph antigens (102.5, 101, 100, 96, 88, 80, 64, 55, 43, 29, and 23 kDa) of Anopheles stephensi reduced fecundity as well as viability in An. stephensi. However, ingestion of these antibodies was not associated with a marked effect on the engorgement of mosquitoes but egg laying was significantly delayed. Antisera raised against hemolymph proteins were also used to iden...

Seven paralytic peptides were isolated and identified from lepidopteran hemolymph. All of these peptides cause rapid, rigid paralysis when injected into Manduca sexta and some other lepidopteran larvae. Each peptide contains 23 amino acid residues including 2 cysteines and the carboxyl termini are acidic. Synthetic peptides in the disulfide or reduced forms, and as carboxyl-terminal acids or am...