Purified type A influenza viral hemagglutinin stimulates an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic cell response that exhibits a high degree of specificity for the immunizing hemagglutinin. The response magnitude is proportional to the hemagglutinin dose used for stimulation. The lytic activity of the effector cells is H-2 restricted. Analysis of the specificity of the response indicated that these c...

The influenza hemagglutinins are viral coat glycoproteins that facilitate viral binding to the host cell wall; as a result, the virulence of any strain of flu depends significantly on how well the hemagglutinin of that strain promotes that binding. Characterizing the evolution of the hemagglutinins is thus fundamental to predicting the virulence of the virus. Here, I describe a linear regressio...

We earlier suggested that type A human influenza virus genes undergo positive Darwinian selection through immune surveillance. This requires more favorable amino acid replacements fixed in antigenic sites among the surviving lineages than among the extinct lineages. We now show that viral hemagglutinins fix proportionately more amino acid replacements in antigenic sites in the trunk of the evol...

A recombinant baculovirus harboring the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of African swine fever virus, with homology to the T-lymphocyte surface antigen CD2, was constructed. The efficient expression of the HA gene was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot studies on insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus. The baculovirus-expressed HA showed hemadsorption and erythrocyte-aggl...

A series of monoclonal antibodies was isolated which reacted with one of two major surface proteins of rhesus rotavirus. Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated the 82-kilodalton outer capsid protein, the product of the fourth gene, the viral hemagglutinin. These monoclonal antibodies exhibited hemagglutination inhibition activity and neutralized rhesus rotavirus to moderate or high...

Abstract The rapid development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA vaccines strongly contributed to overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in parallel with this success, toxicity ionizable cationic lipids has emerged as a potential issue clinical safety because it might cause vaccine side effects, including myocarditis, anaphylaxis, and pericarditis. In study, reduce risk posed by l...

Attachment of microorganisms to host tissue is regarded as an important step in the pathogenesis of infections. Staphylococcus saprophyticus adheres to various epithelial cells and hemagglutinates sheep erythrocytes. The hemagglutinin has been identified, but a human target for this surface protein is still not known. In our report, we show that hemagglutinating strains of S. saprophyticus bind...

Analyses and visualizations by the ISSCOR method of influenza virus hemagglutinin genes of different A-subtypes revealed some rather striking temporal relationships between groups of individual gene subsets. Based on these findings we consider application of the ISSCOR-PCA method for analyses of large sets of homologous genes to be a worthwhile addition to a toolbox of genomics--allowing for a ...

avian influenza virus (aiv) infection is a major cause of bird or human mortality and morbidity, therefore the rapid identification of the virus is of important clinical and epidemiological implication. methods: a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was optimized for the detection of influenza a virus and the h5 and h9 subtypes. the influenza type a specific primers were directed to th...