Aerosols may modify cloud properties and precipitation via a variety of mechanisms with varying and contradicting consequences. Using a large ensemble of satellite data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Earth Observing System’s Aqua platform, the CloudSat cloud profiling radar and the CloudAerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALI...

The Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) is a cooperative international effort to improve numerical forecasting of precipitation and circulation patterns over complex terrain (Bougeault et al. 2000). One of the primary objectives is better understanding of the mechanisms of heavy orographic precipitation. An intensive field phase of MAP was held over the European Alps from 7 September 1999 to 15 Nove...

A common assumption in frequency analysis is that hydrologic extremes ( oods or heavy precipitation) are generated by a random process. This implies that natural climatic variability does not change the distribution of extreme events. A regional frequency analysis approach is proposed to test the hypothesis of randomness over secular time scales. Observed regional occurrences of extreme events ...

Ultramafic rocks of the ophiolitic complexes are prone to alteration and degradation, and therefore, ease of mobility of heavy metals such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V), resulting in environmental hazards. The ultramafic rocks of the ophiolitic realm of Kurdistan province, west of Iran, show field and compositional evidence for such hazardous conditions...

Precipitation change and grazing are the main factors influencing vegetation structure dynamics in semi-arid grassland. However, effects of precipitation variation livestock trampling on seedling emergence patterns plants remain largely unknown. In this study, an experiment with four gradients (no-trampling, light, moderate, heavy) three treatments (ambient precipitation, +30% −30% precipitatio...

The beginning of the 21st century was marked by a number of severe summer floods in Central Europe associated with extreme precipitation (e.g., Elbe 2002, Oder 2010 and Danube 2013). Extratropical storms, known as Vb-cyclones, cause summer extreme precipitation events over Central Europe and can thus lead to such floodings. Vb-cyclones develop over the Mediterranean Sea, which itself strongly w...

Objectives. Rainfall and runoff have been implicated in site-specific waterborne disease outbreaks. Because upward trends in heavy precipitation in the United States are projected to increase with climate change, this study sought to quantify the relationship between precipitation and disease outbreaks. Methods. The US Environmental Protection Agency waterborne disease database, totaling 548 re...

[1] We examined the relationships between large wood (LW) export and precipitation patterns and intensity by analyzing the data on the annual volume of LW removed from 42 reservoirs and the daily precipitation at or near the reservoir sites. We also calculated the effective precipitation by considering the antecedent precipitation. Both daily and effective precipitation data were used as explan...

Although cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds are the main source of precipitation in south China, the relationship between Cb cloud characteristics and precipitation remains unclear. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the relationship between Cb cloud features and precipitation both at the pixel and cloud patch scale, and then to apply it in precipitation estimation...