Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between meal frequency with mental distress and violent behavior among a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The participants of this national study were 14,880 Iranian students with 6 to 18 years of age. They were selected from urban and rural regions of Iran by multi-stage cluster ...

There are limited data on the DE and ME values and the digestibility of fiber in canola meal, rapeseed meal, and rapeseed expellers fed to pigs. This experiment was conducted to measure the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, ADF, and NDF and to calculate DE and ME values in canola meal, 00-rapeseed meal, and 00-rapeseed expellers fed to growing pigs. Twenty-three barrows (init...

Precision feeding aims to provide the correct amount of feed farmed animals for optimal growth and performance avoid waste. However, knowledge underlying meal-to-meal variability in voluntary intake species is still limited. This study examined relationship between meals, deprivation time (pellets) consumed by Atlantic salmon post smolts. The data was collected from individual fish handfed sati...

Production responses obtained with supplemental protein from expeller soybean meal or corn by-products, relative to solvent soybean meal, were determined in three replicated 4 x 4 Latin square trials. Dietary forage (54 to 58% of DM) was solely alfalfa silage containing 30 to 55% DM and 21% CP (DM basis). Main concentrate ingredient was either ground shelled or high moisture corn; diets were fe...

BACKGROUND Oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) is determined for clinical diagnostics of intestinal complaints and research purposes. Ingestion of a subsequent meal during the test period shortens the OCTT of a liquid test meal (glucose solution), as previously reported. This study was conducted to determine whether the same phenomenon occurs after ingestion of a solid test meal. MATERIALS AND METH...

Ruminally undegraded protein (RUP) values of blood meal (n = 2), hydrolyzed feather meal (n = 2), fish meal (n = 2), meat and bone meal, and soybean meal were estimated using an in situ method, an inhibitor in vitro method, and an inhibitor in vitro technique applying Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. Degradation rates for in situ and inhibitor in vitro methods were calculated by regression...

The influence of meals on the coagulability of blood was studied in experiments on 20 men with parallel nonfed controls. The whole blood clotting time in siliconized tubes was not altered by a low-fat meal or by continued absence of a meal, but it was significantly shortened after a meal containing 100 Gm. of butterfat. The degree of lipemia did not determine the degree of shortening. There was...

in the first experiment, the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (ame), ame corrected for nitrogen (amen), true metabolizable energy (tme), tme corrected for nitrogen (tmen) values of the sweet almond meal were determined in adult leghorn cockerels. the second experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of sweet almond meal at 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg on...

This study was designed to determine the effects of hydrolyzed feather meal inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and fecal odorous compounds in modern lean growth genotype pigs. Two hundred forty pigs (BW = 23.2 +/- 1.3 kg) were allotted based on BW and sex to a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (four pens per treatment; five pigs per pen) in ...

due to the importance of adult artemia in aquaculture, information regarding the digestive enzyme activities variation with inexpensive diets has great importance in artemia at different life stages. in this study, the effect of different inexpensive diets on digestive enzyme activities, including trypsin, amylse and lipase of artemia urmiana was investigated in different life stages. the exper...