We studied the heating efficiency of an electrically heated vest (EHV), its relationship to the microclimate temperature distribution in a three-layer clothing ensemble, and the effect of an EHV on the clothing's total thermal insulation by both theoretical analysis and thermal manikin measurements. The heat losses at different ambient conditions and heating states were recorded and the heating...

Self-heating induced failure of graphene devices synthesized from both chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and epitaxial means is compared using a combination of infrared thermography and Raman imaging. Despite a larger thermal resistance, CVD devices dissipate >3x the amount of power before failure than their epitaxial counterparts. The discrepancy arises due to morphological irregularities implic...

We use pulsed-laser heating of hydrogen at static pressures in the megabar pressure region to search for the plasma phase transition to liquid atomic metallic hydrogen. We heat our samples substantially above the melting line and observe a plateau in a temperature vs. laser power curve that otherwise increases with power. This anomaly in the heating curve appears correlated with theoretical pre...

Microwave dyeing was carried out under a variety of conditions in terms of the power and time of a microwave to investigate the effects of microwaving on the dyeability of acrylic fibers. It was found that the dyeability of acrylic fibers were significantly improved under microwave irradiation caused by the increased adsorption of the dye into fibers due to the local over heating and an amplifi...

This paper reports on ITER-relevant ICRF physics investigated on JET in 2003 and early 2004. Minority heating of helium three in hydrogen plasmas (He)H was systematically explored by varying the He concentration and the toroidal phasing of the antenna arrays. The best heating performance (a maximum electron temperature of 6.2keV with 5MW of ICRF power) was obtained with a preferential wave laun...

The sensitivity gain of ultrahigh field Magnetic Resonance (UHF-MR) holds the promise to enhance spatial and temporal resolution. Such improvements could be beneficial for cardiovascular MR. However, intracoronary stents used for treatment of coronary artery disease are currently considered to be contra-indications for UHF-MR. The antenna effect induced by a stent together with RF wavelength sh...

1. Biomass 1.1. Photosynthesis and Biomass Yields 1.2. Biomass Properties 1.2.1. Polymeric and Chemical Composition 1.2.2. Fuels Analysis 1.2.3. Physical Properties 1.2.4. Biomass Briquettes and Pellets 2. The Biomass and Bioenergy System 2.1. Biomass is the World’s Fourth Fuel 2.1.1. Individual Country Usage 3. End-use Patterns of Biomass and Bioenergy Use 3.1. Daily Living 3.1.1. Efficiency o...

Self-heating structural materials, being useful for deicing and space heating, are reviewed. They include cement–matrix and polymer–matrix composites that are rendered self-heating through enhancing their effectiveness for resistance heating. The enhancement is attained by the use of electrically conductive fibers (continuous or discontinuous) and interlayers. The interlaminar interface between...

Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) experiment has been made in the helical-heliotron device, Heliotron J. A wide configuration scan shows that the EC driven current is strongly dependent on the magnetic ripple structure where the EC power is deposited. As the EC power is deposited on the deeper ripple bottom, the EC driven current flowing in the Fisch-Boozer direction decreases, and the re...

For the Dutch smart grid demonstration project Meppelenergie, the effects of controlled thermal energy storage within the floor heating structure of a living room by a heat pump are investigated. Storage possibilities are constrained by room operative and floor temperatures. Simulations indicate limitations for floor heating storage due to absorption of solar energy within the house. To balance...