introduction: human eye is a sensitive part of human body with no direct protection and due to its lack of protection against the external heat waves, studying the temperature distribution of heat waves on the human eye is of utmost importance. various lasers are widely used in medical applications such as eye surgeries. the most significant issue in the eye surgeries with laser is estimation o...

Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben 1924, a rat coccidium, were exposed to radiation, heat, or both in an effort to attenuate the parasite. Moderate levels of each treatment or combination thereof attenuated the parasite, reduced pathogenesis (as judged by oocyst discharge during primary infection), and produced immunity to challenge when the oocysts were subsequently inoculated int...

A large heat load caused by thermal radiation through a metal shield pipe was observed in a cooling test of a cryostat for a prototype of a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector. The heat load was approximately 1000 times larger than the value calculated by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. We studied this phenomenon by simulation and experiment and found that it was caused by the condu...

Introduction Closing the surface energy budget (SEB) is one of the longest outstanding problems in micro-meteorology. At the earth’s surface the net radiation (QN), consisting of the budget of shortwave incoming (K), shortwave outgoing (K), longwave incoming (L) and longwave outgoing radiation (L), should be balanced by the transport of heat into the soil (G) and to the atmosphere in the form o...

A programmed software was developed in order to numerically simulate time variation of temperature field and snow depth around a pipe-in-pile snow-melting system, using meteorological data. The system utilized underground piles as heat exchanger between underground soil and water flowing inside the piles. The water was pumped into heat dissipation pipes embedded beneath pavement surface, on whi...

Near-field radiation allows heat to propagate across a small vacuum gap at rates several orders of magnitude above that of far-field, blackbody radiation. Although heat transfer via near-field effects has been discussed for many years, experimental verification of this theory has been very limited. We have measured the heat transfer between two macroscopic sapphire plates, finding an increase i...

An analysis has been carried out to obtain the free convective heat and mass transfer characteristics of an incompressible MHD viscoelastic fluid flow immersed in a porous medium of variable permeability bounded by an infinite porous vertical plate in slip flow regime in the presence of a transverse magnetic field with heat source and radiation effects. The permeability of the porous medium dec...

The present study addresses the problem of ignition of a single sodium droplet, which is an important issue for the nuclear facilities safety. The study follows the approach of previous works and extends the results of those papers to the case of radiative heat loss. The contribution of the thermal radiation is taken into account based on the P-1 approximation for thermal radiation transfer. An...

sustainable development would be a key solution for climate change and renewable energy plays an important role in this policy. recently, according to increase of co2 emission and other relevant impacts, solar energy has been gaining more attentions from policy makers. thus, compound parabolic concentrators collectors are considered as one of the promising applications from solar thermal advant...