Hughlings Jackson's neurological ideas are scientifically valid and practically useful. He began by emphasizing the focal lesion as the key to analysing patients' symptoms. He proclaimed that 'Epilepsy is the name for occasional, sudden, excessive, rapid, and local discharge of grey matter.' He eliminated any need for a direct appeal to metaphysical agents by asserting that the nervous system i...

mirza malkum khan nazem al-dowleh, the famous iranian thinker and politician of the nineteenth century, spent about ten years in the ottoman empire during the period of tanzimat and was associated with important figures in tanzimat and the first ottoman constitutional era such as foad pasha, aali pasha and medhat pasha. later, he claimed that he had written the important tanzimats figure, foad ...

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), the founder of American pragmatism, spent a good deal of his intellectual energy and time trying to categorise kinds of reasoning, examine their properties and their mutual relations. During this intellectual adventure, he was constantly breaking new ground. One of his major achievements was that he clearly delineated a space for non-deductive, that is amplia...

We determine some points on the finite size scaling curve for the correlation length in the two dimensional O(3) and icosahedron spin models. The Monte Carlo data are consistent with the two models possessing the same continuum limit. The data also suggest that the continuum scaling curve lies above the estimate of Kim [1] and Caracciolo et al [2] and thus leads to larger thermodynamic values o...