Individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) develop a robust immune response to the surface envelope glycoprotein gp46 that is partially protective. The relative contribution of antibodies to conformation-dependent epitopes, including those mediating virus neutralization as part of the humoral immune response, is not well defined. We assess in this report the relat...

The JC polyomavirus virus (JCPyV) affects more than 80% of the human population in their early life stage. It mainly immunocompromised individuals where replication oligodendrocytes and astrocytes may lead to fatal progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML). Virus protein 1 (VP1) is one major structural proteins viral capsid, responsible for keeping alive gastrointestinal urinary tracts. VP1 o...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationships of intrahepatic cccDNA with serum HBsAg and with HBV DNA in treatment-naive patients throughout acute and chronic HBV infection. METHODS A total of 120 patients who had a liver biopsy were enrolled, including 19 with acute hepatitis B (AHB), and 101 patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) of whom were 10 in immune-tolerant (IT) ph...

Following earlier studies on high-level intracellular production of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using recombinant Pichia pastoris, we present here in detail an enhanced method for the purification of recombinant HBsAg virus-like particles (VLPs). We have screened various detergents for their ability to promote the solubilization of recombinant intracellular HBsAg. In addition, we have a...

1. Subjects recovered from SARS-CoV infection retain memory of cellular immune response to epitopes spanning over a few regions of the viral nucleoprotein. Ten such epitopes were identified. 2. The majority of epitopes were predominantly recognised by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and elicited persistent memory response lasting at least 2 years. 3. There is potential to use the nucleoprotein of SARSCo...

BACKGROUND Vaccine-escaped hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations occur within the "a" determinant area, which is located in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) protein. It is now well established that the common G145R mutation is highly capable of escaping from HBsAg immune recognition. However, the impacts of this mutation on the structure and immunogenic ...

shigella and escherichia belong to the enterobacteriaceae family which are the cause for most of the diarrheal cases in the world. shigella can cause bacterial dysenteries and shigellosis. one of the most effective proteins for pathogenesis is invasion plasmid antigen c (ipac). other bacteria like enterotoxogenic (etec), enterohemorrhagic (ehec), and e.coli can also cause diarrhea and produce i...

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to both the surface and core antigens of the hepatitis B virus (anti-HBs and anti-HBc) have been studied in 64 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatitis. HBsAg was detected by counterelectrophoresis in 23 (35-9 %) but by radioimmunoassay in 38 (59-3 %). Anti-HBs was detected by passive haemagglutination in 26 (40-6 %), coexisting HBsAg and anti-...