PURPOSE Adult bone mass depends on acquisition in childhood and decline in adulthood, and may be influenced by socioeconomic conditions over the entire life course. METHODS We examined associations of bone mineral density (BMD) in adulthood with life course socioeconomic status in 729 participants in the Midlife in the United States Biomarker Project, adjusting for age, menopausal transition ...

we study the effect of education and its expenditures, especially in higher education, on poverty and income inequality. using the keynesian approach it is shown that education, from the theoretical point of view, lowers poverty and income inequality level. in an empirical work we, used the data including 111 observations from 91 countries, with different human development levels, and concluded...

dear editor computer is one of the fundamental tools in applying most electronically-based teaching methods. many studies on the students of university of medical sciences have been focused on their computer and internet skill levels. the skill levels in using computers and internet in isfahan university of medical sciences (iums) were estimated 14.87 and 12 (from 20), respectively (1) and this...

PURPOSE We investigated the independent impact of potential risk factors on myopia in young adults. METHODS A survey study was conducted with male military conscripts aged 18 to 24 years between February 2010 and March 2011 in Taiwan. The participants were examined using non-cycloplegic autorefraction and biometry. The participants provided data about potential risk factors, including age, pa...

OBJECTIVE To identify socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related correlates of food preferences in Puerto Rico that will help determine Caribbean-region populations vulnerable to nutrition transition. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 858 adults residing in the San Juan Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico were analyzed. Multivariable ordinal logistic ...

the present article reviews the significance of accreditation standards while emphasizing the necessity of implementation of such standards by basic medical science council, with an eye on such international standards as those published by wfme. this review article had to decide on the key words and expressions, data bases, to review relevant literature, review higher and medical education jour...

introduction: the scholarship domains based on boyer’s definition includes discovery, teaching and learning, application, integration and engagement, but it is a main question that which criteria must a scholarship activities have? in this research, the characteristics of scholarship activities have been studied using a qualitative approach based on higher education experts’ viewpoints from fou...

This paper is a report of a study of the associations of shift work with work ability and quality of life (QoL) among clinical nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007-2008 on 1124 nurses using the Work Ability Index Questionnaire and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Lower education was a predictor for low level of work ability and low physical health domain of QoL....

Background: The aims of the research that formed the basis of the current study are as follows: Determining methods that are used by teachers for giving feedback in clinical settings. Determining types of feedback, teachers give to their students in clinical settings. Determining barriers of giving feedback and its important teachers’ experience in clinical settings. Methods: This applied res...