PURPOSE Experimental animal models of myopia demonstrate that higher melatonin (Mel) and lower dopamine (DA) concentrations actively promote axial elongation. This study explored the association between myopia and serum concentrations of DA and Mel in humans. METHODS Morning serum concentrations of DA and Mel were measured by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectromet...

Letters Do measles vaccines have non-specific effects on mortality? Editor – Cooper et al. (1) reviewed the non-specific effects on mortality of childhood vaccines. Although there are numerous studies detailing mortality following measles vaccination (MV) (2), only two studies cited in their article (3, 4) satisfied the authors' methodological criteria. The Zaire (3) and Bangladesh (4) studies ...

Quantum transmission rate may be improved by using input of entangled state instead of product state for Pauli channel. Using GHZ state as input for the depolarizing channel (a special Pauli channel), the channel fidelity of non-zero quantum capacity was improved from > 0.81071 to > 0.80944. We will introduce orthogonal and complete code basis to evaluate the coherent information per channel us...

The University of Vermont Apple Program received a USDA grant to study the long-term effects of “particle film technology” on Northeast apple orchards. This technology has been commercially available to growers since 2001 in the kaolin clay–based product Surround. Surround is viewed as a potential alternative for some organophosphate uses in orchards. It is considered a “Reduced Risk Pesticid...

A shift from traditional engineering approaches to ecologically-based techniques will require changing societal values regarding ‘how and what’ is defined as engineering and design. Non-human species offer many ecological engineering examples that are often beneficial to ecosystem function and other biota. For example, organisms known as ‘ecosystem engineers’ build, modify, and destroy habitat ...

A conjecture of Fuglede states that a bounded measurable set Ω ⊂ R, of measure 1, can tile R by translations if and only if the Hilbert space L(Ω) has an orthonormal basis consisting of exponentials eλ(x) = exp2πi〈λ, x〉. If Ω has the latter property it is called spectral. We generalize a result of Fuglede, that a triangle in the plane is not spectral, proving that every non-symmetric convex dom...

A recent article by Kristensen et al. suggested that measles vaccine and bacille Calmette-Gu rin (BCG) vaccine might reduce mortality beyond what is expected simply from protection against measles and tuberculosis. Previous reviews of the potential effects of childhood vaccines on mortality have not considered methodological features of reviewed studies. Methodological considerations play an es...

Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2003, 81 (11) Abstract A recent article by Kristensen et al. suggested that measles vaccine and bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine might reduce mortality beyond what is expected simply from protection against measles and tuberculosis. Previous reviews of the potential effects of childhood vaccines on mortality have not considered methodological featu...