Introduction Components of a concept vary in their importance, or “centrality,” for a given cognitive task—the degree to which the component guides or influences cognitive processing. This claim has been empirically established across a variety of tasks, such as categorization (e.g., Ahn, et al., 2000; Rehder & Hastie, 2001) and induction (e.g., Rehder & Hastie, 2001). There is still much dispu...

This paper is a commentary on Murray et al. (2013) where, alongside other findings, data from two cross-cultural samples (nations and cultures), supporting a positive relationship between pathogen prevalence and authoritarianism are presented. This commentary is not a theoretical critique (see the comments on Fincher and Thornhill, 2012, for example, or an alternative: Hackman and Hruschka, 201...

s factors endow RNA polymerase with promoter specificity in bacteria. Extra-Cytoplasmic Function (ECF) s factors represent the largest and most diverse family of s factors. Most ECF s factors must be activated in response to an external signal. One mechanism of activation is the stepwise proteolytic destruction of an anti-s factor via Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (RIP). In most cases, th...

The conserved transcription factor Pax6 is essential for eye development in Drosophila and mammals (Hill, R.E., Favor, J., Hogan, B.L.M., Ton, C.C.T., Saunders, G.F., Hanson, I.M., Prosser, J., Jordan, T., Hastie, N.D., van Heyningen, V., 1991. Mouse small eye results from mutations in a paired-like homeobox containing gene. Nature 354, 522-525; Ton, C., Hirvonen, H., Miwa, H., Weil, M., Monagh...

Logistic Regression has been widely used in the financial service industry for credit scoring models. Despite its advantages in easy interpretation and low computing cost, Logistic Regression is under the criticism of failure to model the nonlinear features of the predictors effect on the dependent variable and therefore might lead to unsatisfactory results. Modern statistical techniques such a...

Scoring systems are classification models that make predictions using a sparse linear combination of variables with integer coefficients. Such systems are frequently used in medicine because they are interpretable; that is, they only require users to add, subtract and multiply a few meaningful numbers in order to make a prediction. See, for instance, these commonly used scoring systems: (Gage e...

Shigella is a genus of pathogenic enteric micro-organisms, which in some cases pose a lethal threat in a human host. It is closely related to E. coli, another pathogenic enteric micro-organism. Although in a clinical observation they cause different symptoms, on a genetic level they are very similar (Brenner, Fanning, Miklos & Steigerwalt, 1973). This poses a problem when the need arises to dif...

15 Empirical Bayes Method, 2nd edition J.S. Maritz and T. Lwin (1989) Symmetric Multivariate and Related Distributions K.-T. Fang, S. Kotz and K. Ng (1989) Ieneralized Linear Models, 2nd edition P. McCullagh and J.A. Neider (1989) 38 Cyclic Designs J.A. John (1987) 39 Analog Estimation Methods in Econometrics C.F. Manski (1988) 40 Subset Selection in Regression A.J. Miller (1990) 41 Analysis of...

Diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy of mature B lymphocytes and is the most common type of lymphoma in adults. While treatment advances have been substantial in what was formerly a fatal disease, less than 50% of patients achieve lasting remission. In an effort to predict treatment success and explain disease heterogeneity clinical features have been employed for p...

Unsolicited commercial email also known as Spam is becoming a serious problem for Internet users and providers (Fawcett, 2003). Several researchers have applied machine learning techniques in order to improve the detection of spam messages. Naive Bayes models are the most popular (Androutsopoulos, 2000) but other authors have applied Support Vector Machines (SVM) (Drucker, 1999), boosting and d...