Permanent waving treatments for hair have been popularly carried out for many decades. The chemical process occurring in perm treatments consisting of hair reduction and subsequent oxidation involves the reactions mainly concerning thiol (SH) and disulfide (SS). A permanent waving solution (PWS) is commonly used for chemical waving for hair styles, and the major ingredient of PWS is thioglycoli...

Pilonidal sinus is a common entity, most often occurring in the natal cleft. Pilonidal sinus with abscess formation has also been described in hairdressers in the interdigital space. We report a case of pilonidal abscess of the breast in a hairdresser, a rarely reported site, which requires awareness on the clinician's part of this occupational risk, for appropriate management and post-surgery ...

In a recent blog post for the Women’s History Association of Ireland [2], Caitriona Clear reflected on how Irish women’s history had now reached a critical mass ‘whereby it does not need to be identified with any one historian or any group of historians’. She went on to suggest that following a recent article in Irish Tatler magazine on Irish women’s history ‘girls and women who never thought t...