Tobacco smoking has emerged as a risk factor for increasing the susceptibility to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in lung, linked disease 2019 (COVID-19) development. Given modifiable nature electronic cigarettes and delivery high concentrations nicotine, we investigate whether cigaret...

elf reported smoking status has been widely used to assess detrimental health effects of smoking and to orient counselling and other preventive interventions. Self reporting, however, can be unreliable if the subject is under pressure because of social or medical disapproval. Furthermore, the quantity of smoke products actually inhaled and absorbed varies by the manner of smoking. Because of th...

background: one of the pollutant components that can be observed in many industrial wastewaters is formaldehyde. the biological treatment of the wastewater contaminated by formaldehyde is very difficult due to its antibacterial property. however the removal of formaldehyde using adsorption process is feasible but it may be expensive. the main purpose of this study is to examine the adsorption o...

PURPOSE In some countries with high smoking prevalence, smoke-free legislation has only been implemented in specific public places, as opposed to a comprehensive ban on smoking in all public places. The purpose of this study was to provide valid data on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure that reflect the consequences of incomplete smoke-free legislation, and provide a rationale for expanding this...

Aim: According to World Health Organization data, around 1.5 billion people in the world use tobacco products. Nicotine, most common of tobacco, is main psychoactive substance that causes addiction. Exposure nicotine during pregnancy increases risk low placenta weight, stillbirth, congenital heart disease, musculoskeletal defect. Antioxidants are used protect against teratogenic substances such...

Currently, 7.6% of the U.S. young adults aged 18–24 years old use e-cigarettes. This study piloted three methods Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation by measuring rates, motivational techniques that contributed to success, and participants’ changes after decreasing vape use. Participants were randomized into arms (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-ta...

nicotine is an alkaloid by high level of addictive property that can quickly assimilate from smoker’s lung. it passes from the placenta and gathers in the developing fetus. our previous study showed that collagen type iv plays a critical role in basement membrane of different embryonic organs. in this study the effect of maternal nicotine was evaluated by collagen iv changes in lung of mice off...