Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is known to be a promising technology produce crude bio-oils as intermediate drop-in transport fuels. However, the co-production of wastewater (HTL-AP) and hydrochar residues (HCs) limits economic viability technical scalability. Hence, objective this work study effect catalysts NaOH,KOH,Na2CO3,K2CO3,H3PO4,FeCl3andFe2O3 in HTL reaction medium on characteristics d...