Introduction: Orexin-containing neurons exist in the lateral hypothalamic region, sending their projections toward mesolimbic regions such as the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). Methods: In the current study, a Reinstatement model is used to examine the effects of intra-VTA administration of SB334867 as an Orexin-1 Receptor (OX1R) antagonist on drug priming- and Forced Swim Stress (FSS)-induced ...

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a natural oxidant produced by aerobic organisms and gives rise to oxidative damage, including DNA mutations, protein inactivation and lipid damage. The genus Mycobacterium utilizes redox sensors and H2O2 scavenging enzymes for the detoxification of H2O2. To date, the precise response to oxidative stress has not been fully elucidated. Here, we compared the effects of ...

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a notorious pest in rice production. microbial secondary metabolite, decoyinine (DCY), produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Recent studies found that seed priming with DCY could enhance resistance to BPH and Laodelphax striatellus; however, the mechanism of enhancing insect remains unclear. Here, an integrate...

Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity; however, temperature fluctuations can cause detrimental effects on crop growth. This study aimed to assess the effect of seed priming Camelina sativa L. under heat stress. Experimental treatments were comprised of; including, no-priming, hydropriming (distilled water priming), osmopriming (thiourea applications at 500 ppm), ...

to investigate the effects of priming and foliar spray by 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) on some of marigold morphological, biological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted as factorial on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, shahid bahonar university of kerman in 2014. each of priming and foliar spray of ebr had ...

salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors limiting the plants' growth. seed priming is known as a method which improves the germination performance in seeds in stress conditions. the objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of hydropriming and halopriming on germination performance of secale montanum while growing under the nacl-salinity stress. hydropr...

Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that might be resulted in increased seed performance (germination and emergence), seedling growth and plant yield under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought stress. In order to evaluate the effect of growth hormones on morphology characteristics and essential oil of basil under drought stress condition, a experiment was cond...

Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) was used as an activator in H2O2 bleaching to improve bleaching efficiency. The present work was aimed at confirming different activations for various H2O2/TAED bleaching processes, including the addition of acetic anhydride and the stepaddition of sodium hydroxide. The results showed that an acetic anhydride dosage of 1%, an acetic anhydride treatment time ...