Ion-water-cluster properties are investigated both through the multistate empirical valence bond potential and a polarizable model. Equilibrium properties of the ion-water clusters H+(H2O)100, Na+(H2O)100, Na+(H2O)20, and Cl-(H2O)17 in the temperature region 100-450 K are explored using a hybrid parallel basin-hopping and tempering algorithm. The effect of the solid-liquid phase transition in b...

The ionic chemistry of various hydrogen mixtures (H2/N2, H2/O2, and H2/air) has been studied in low pressure hollow cathode discharges. The major ions identified in the different discharges (H3, N2H, H3O and NH4) have been also found in astronomical observations or predicted in astrochemical models. The relative stability of the protonated ions in the various mixtures has been investigated in d...

An organic–inorganic cation–anion manganese(II) tetrabromide compound with diprotonated 1-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole, [H3L][MnBr4][H2O], has been synthesized and investigated. The a few possible pathways for proton transfers, which play an important role in the observed luminescence, optical, magnetic properties. transfers result appearance of two-band luminescence...

In the fuel cell, however, this simple chemical reaction is prevented by the electrolyte that separates the fuel (H2) from the oxidant (O2). The electrolyte serves as a barrier to gas diffusion, but permits ion transport. Accordingly, half cell reactions occur at the anode and cathode, producing ions that can traverse the electrolyte. For example, if the electrolyte conducts protons, H2 will be...

The synthesis of new binucleating pyrazole-derived ligands (HL2, HL3) with bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenylimine side arms and backbone phenyl groups at the pyrazole-C4 and/or at the imine-C, which are derivatives from the known ligand HL1, is reported. Crystallographic analyses of three cobalt(II) complexes coordinated by ligands [L1-3]- reveal distinct metal to ligand ratios and different structur...

Many species of tardigrades are known to tolerate extreme environmental stress, yet detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the remarkable adaptations of tardigrades is still lacking, as are answers to many questions regarding their basic biology. Here, we present data on the inorganic ion composition and total osmotic concentration of five different species of tardigrades (Echiniscus t...

Initial attempts to make [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2, i.e. to insert the Ni2+ ion into the 15-crown-5 macrocycle, gave the mono- (two polymorphs) and dihydrate of a co-crystal of[Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2 and 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane=15C5). Synthetic routes designed to restrict the water available to the Ni2+ cation gave three additional compounds, [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2-trans-[Ni(H2O)...

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an effective tool for the preconcentration of trace elements and their separation from various sample constituents. Octadecyl and other alkyl-bonded silica gels are most widely used for these purposes. The fundamentals of the SPE of inorganic ions are reviewed and compared with those of related techniques (liquid-liquid extraction and reversed-phase liquid chroma...

The synthesis and crystal structure for the title compound, [YNaMn4(C7H4NO3)4(C5H9O2)4(H2O)3.76(C3H7NO)0.24]·8.04C3H7NO·0.62H2O or [Y(III)Na(OTMA)4[12-MCMn(III)N(shi)-4](H2O)3.76(DMF)0.24·8.04DMF·0.62H2O, where OTMA is tri-methyl-acetate, MC is metallacrown, shi(3-) is salicyl-hydroximate, and DMF is N,N-di-methyl-formamide, is reported. The macrocyclic metallacrown consists of an -[Mn(III)-N-O...

During a systematic study of monofluorophosphates, i.e., compounds comprising the tetrahedral anion PO3F2?, twelve, for most part new, were obtained from aqueous solutions. Crystal structure refinements based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data revealed previously unknown structures CdPO3F(H2O)2, Cr2(PO3F)3(H2O)18.8, Pb2(PO3F)Cl2(H2O), (NH4)2M(PO3F)2(H2O)2 (M = Mg, Mn, Co), NH4Cr(PO3F)2(H2...