Biological control of gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) was carried out in 2021 the field protective forest belts at territory State Hunting Enterprise Balchik by introducing entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae). In same year a mortality rate 26.1% pest population registered. 2022 E. and multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus L Ld MNPV) caused collapse r...

Aim. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the climatic signal contained in tree-rings common oak on southeastern border its range Russia (Ural River basin). Material Methods . materials for were samples wood from three sites southern part Dziau-tyube ridge. Measurements ring-width performed MBS binocular microscope Lintab measuring complex with TSAP-WinTM software package. co...

We wish to comment on two issues relating to a prediction raised in the article by Randolph1 about our work2. Randolph argues that because ‘low acorn production and moderate mouse densities are the norm [our] data do not explain the cause of the severe acorn failures and contingent crash in mouse populations that might initiate [gypsy] moth outbreaks’. We made no attempt to explain masting peri...