Apple and pear scab are foliar pathogens of apple trees. Unmanaged, yield aesthetic losses can be severe. The risk resistance associated with over-reliance on fungicides means novel pathogen management methods products increasingly required. Chitin chitosan widely recognised as induced (IR) agents that trigger plant defence responses in turn enhance resilience to ingress. A container field tria...

Auxin-deprived, mannitol-supplemented, suspension-cultured pear (Pyrus communis L. Passe Crassane) fruit cells produce large quantities (20-40 nanoliters ethylene per 10(6) cells per hour) of ethylene in response to auxins, CuCl(2) or 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Maximum rates of production are achieved about 12 hours after the addition of optimal amounts of indoleacetic acid (...

Pears are among the most economically important fruits in world that grown all temperate zones. Pyrus communis L., ‘Pyrodwarf®(S)’ rootstock is one of gene sources used to improve fruit productivity, resistance, and tolerance biotic abiotic stresses. Traditional propagation P. L. time-consuming limited by a short growing season harsh winter conditions. Therefore, vitro suitable alternative. Mur...

This study was carried out at Sedyghazi private orchard located in Abu Ghaleb road 164 kilometer from Cairo to Alex desert road, Giza, governorate Egypt during two seasons (2019 and 2020) on thirteen - year old Le-Conte pear trees budded Pyrus communis rootstock, planted 3.5 × 4 meters apart grown sandy soil under drip irrigation system (EC= 3.40 dS m−1). . The experiment arranged a spilt plot ...

Inorganic copper is used as a broad-spectrum fungicide and bacteriocide on a variety of agricultural crops. After application, the copper residue typically accumulates in the upper 15 cm of soil. Data from the California Pesticide Use Reports were used to estimate the augmentation of copper in the soil that resulted from pesticide applications for the six years from 1993 to 1998 on 12 crops tha...