Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

An inclined air-curtain (IAC) fume hood was developed and characterized using the laser-assisted smoke flow visualization technique and tracer-gas (sulphur hexafluoride) concentration detection method. The IAC fume hood features four innovative design elements: (i) an elongated suction slot installed at the hood roof with an offset towards the rear wall, (ii) an elongated up-blowing planar jet ...

To increase containment efficiency and reduce energy consumption, a sash-less, variable-height inclined air-curtain fume hood (sIAC hood) was developed and tested by a laser-assisted flow visualization technique and tracer-gas detection method. This novel design requires neither sash nor baffle. The sIAC hood employed the inclined push-pull air-curtain technique and two deflection plates instal...

We consider right-continuous peacocks, that is families of real probability measures (μt)t that increase in the convex order. Given a sequence of time partitions we associate the sequence of martingales that are Markovian, constant on the partition intervals [tk, tk+1[, and designed in a way that the transition kernels at times tk+1 are the curtain couplings of marginals μtk and μtk+1 . We stud...

The quality of grouted sleeve has a significant influence on the performance splice. Incompactness infilled grout is inevitable in grouting. To investigate tensile behavior splice sleeves due to different compactness, monotonic tests connectors were performed at compactness 100%, 90%, 70%, and 50%, respectively. bond-slip analytical model rebar-grout was deduced by fitting test data, formula fo...

40 Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart materials that recover apparent plastic 41 deformation (~6-8% strain) after heating, thus “remembering” the original shape. This 42 shape memory effect (SME) can be exploited for self post-tensioning applications and 43 NiTi-based SMAs are promising as SME is possible at elevated temperatures amenable 44 to practical application compared to con...