This paper is concerned with the analysis and optimization of the ground bounce in digital CMOS circuits. First, an analytical method for calculating the ground bounce is presented. The proposed method relies on accurate models of the short-channel MOS device and the chip-package interface parasitics. Next the effect of ground bounce on the propagation delay and the optimum tapering factor of a...

Are the fastest running speeds achieved using the simple-spring stance mechanics predicted by the classic spring-mass model? We hypothesized that a passive, linear-spring model would not account for the running mechanics that maximize ground force application and speed. We tested this hypothesis by comparing patterns of ground force application across athletic specialization (competitive sprint...

To control flight, flying insects extract information from the pattern of visual motion generated during flight, known as optic flow. To regulate their ground speed, insects such as honeybees and Drosophila hold the rate of optic flow in the axial direction (front-to-back) constant. A consequence of this strategy is that its performance varies with the minimum viewing angle (the deviation from ...

In the present study, the fascicle length (L(fa)) of the human medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle was monitored to evaluate possible input from the short-latency stretch reflex (SLR) during the stance phase of running and to examine its timing at various running speeds. Eight subjects ran at 2.0, 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m/s. The L(fa) was measured with the high-speed ultrasound fascicle scanning togeth...

We investigated how substrate diameter affects acceleration performance in three Anolis lizard species (A. sagrei, A. carolinensis and A. valencienni), representing three different ecomorphs (trunk-ground, trunk-crown, and twig, respectively). We did so by measuring maximal acceleration capacity of the three species on a broad and narrow dowel. In addition to acceleration capacity, we quantifie...

telemedicine has changed the way of health care. it is an indispensable tool in the hands of doctors to accelerate and facilitate the process of data interchange. wireless networks consist of small nodes with communications capabilities. development of wireless networks of telemedicine system is highly demanded since these networks promise a wide range of potential applications. in this paper t...

Alterations in hip joint loading have been associated with diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Understanding the relationship between gait speed and hip joint loading in healthy hips may illuminate changes in gait mechanics as walking speed deviates from preferred. The purpose of this study was to quantify hip joint loading during the gait cycle and identify differences with varying sp...

Why is maximal running speed reduced on curved paths? The leading explanation proposes that an increase in lateral ground reaction force necessitates a decrease in peak vertical ground reaction force, assuming that maximum leg extension force is the limiting factor. Yet, no studies have directly measured these forces or tested this critical assumption. We measured maximum sprint velocities and ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency domain characteristics of the ground reaction forces of young and elderly females during free walking. DESIGN Independent t-tests were used to examine the frequency content of all three components of the ground reaction force. BACKGROUND Frequency domain analysis has the potential to assist in identifying changes in gait that may be masked in the time doma...