Grey relational analysis is useful for the multi-input, discrete data and uncertain experimental study. Developed in this paper is the application of the grey relational analysis for optimizing the electropolishing of 316L stainless steel with multiple performance characteristics. The processing parameters (temperature, current density, and electrolyte composition) are optimized with considerat...

In this paper, wire electrical discharge machining of D3 tool steel is studied. Influence of pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current and wire speed are investigated for MRR, dimensional deviation, gap current and machining time, during intricate machining of D3 tool steel. Taguchi method is used for single characteristics optimization and to optimize all four process parameters simultaneous...

On-line learning is an asynchronous computer-based learning mode that allows learners to learn anytime and anywhere in their own environment using information and communication technology. It can be considered as a way to bridge the digital gap. How a computer novice performs in such virtual and asynchronous learning environments is an interesting issue in human–computer interaction research. T...

The watershed transformation is a popular image segmentation algorithm for grey scale images. In this paper, we present a deenition of the watershed segmentation, based on sets of neighboring pixels. The deenition is consistent with the behavior of most implementations of the watershed algorithm which do not construct watersheds lines, namely, to chose one arbitrary label in the case of competi...

BACKGROUND The inclusion of only a subset of all available evidence in a meta-analysis may introduce biases and threaten its validity; this is particularly likely if the subset of included studies differ from those not included, which may be the case for published and grey literature (unpublished studies, with limited distribution). We set out to examine whether exclusion of grey literature, co...