A novel approach to the treatment of chronic migraine headaches based on neurostimulation of both occipital and supraorbital nerves was developed and reduced to clinical practice in a series of patients with headaches unresponsive to currently available therapies. Following positive trials, seven patients with chronic migraine and refractory chronic migraine headaches had permanent combined occ...

the carotid is a small mass of chemoreceptor's and sustentacular cells that detects changes in the composition of the arterial blood. the aim of the present study was to identify the size, color, location, blood and nerve supply of the carotid body in makouei sheep. fourteen heads of sheep from both sexes were collected from urmia public slaughter-house. the exact situation and nerve supply of ...

One of the putative causes of headache is osteoarthritis of the C2-3 zygapophysial joint. A technique for blocking the third occipital nerve which innervates this joint was devised and used as a screening procedure for headache mediated by this nerve. Seven out of ten consecutive patients presenting with suspected cervical headache were found to suffer pain mediated by the third occipital nerve...

OBJECTIVES Patients with occipital neuralgia are often refractory to or intolerant of standard pharmacological and interventional management strategies. Although occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) may provide a unique alternative for such cases, a steep technical learning curve still exists. Lead migration (LM) is among the most challenging issues facing implanters performing ONS implantation. W...

Primary headaches are a type of headache that occurs independently, without any other underlying medical condition or injury. They major concern due to their prevalence in the population and potential cause significant disruption daily life. In past years, new techniques have been developed utilize sonography diagnosing treating disorders. Some recent publications appeared on use ultrasound blo...

A consecutive series of 100 patients was studied to determine the prevalence of third occipital nerve headache in patients with chronic neck pain (> three months in duration) after whiplash. Seventy one patients complained of headache associated with their neck pain. Headache was the dominant complaint of 40 patients, but was only a secondary problem for the other 31. Each patient with headache...

INTRODUCTION Posterior C1-C2 fusion is a highly successful treatment for atlantoaxial instability and other pathologies of the cervical spine, with fusion rates approaching 95%-100%. However, poor visualization of the lateral masses of C1 secondary to the course of the C2 nerve root along with blood loss from the venous plexus and compression of the C2 nerve from lateral mass screws are technic...

A 45-year-old man with a history of hypertension and no tobacco exposure presented with a 13-year history of daily strictly right-sided continuous headache that began 2 months after concussion. His headache was associated with mild photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and rare episodes of emesis as well as constant right-sided nasal stuffiness for “years.” Additionally, the patient would experienc...

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of greater occipital nerve block (GONB) in patients with primary headache syndromes is controversial. Few studies have been evaluated the usefulness of GONB in patients with migraine without aura (MWOA). OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided GONB using bupivacaine 0.5% and placebo on clinical improvement in patients with refractory MWOA in a ...