this study investigates monthly and seasonal variations of carbon emission from the soil at different grazing intensities. three areas of exclosure, low and high grazing intensities were selected in ghoosheh region of semnan province. carbon emission was measured monthly, in each treatment applying alkali traps (csc) during a year. emission and grazing data were analyzed, using a factorial expe...

Parasites often play an important role in modifying the physiology and behavior of their hosts and may, consequently, mediate the influence hosts have on other components of an ecological community. Along the northern Atlantic coast of North America, the dominant herbivorous snail Littorina littorea structures rocky intertidal communities through strong grazing pressure and is frequently parasi...

Growing pearl millet and cowpea in combination with raising ruminant livestock is widely practised in the Sahel. In this farming system, livestock feeding depends mostly on rangeland, fallows and cropland grazing. Nutritional constraints to grazing ruminants stem primarily from feed scarcity and seasonal fluctuations in feed supply associated with low rainfall and poor soil fertility. Low feed ...

Benthic fauna play a crucial role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling at the sediment-water boundary in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial systems, grazing herbivores have been shown to influence below-ground communities through alterations to plant distribution and composition, however whether similar cascading effects occur in aquatic systems is unknown. Here, we assess the r...

the effects of different grazing intensities on the above and underground biomass of twospecies festucaovina l. and alopecurustextilisboiss. in the north sabalan rangelands (in shabil) were investigated. sampling on the light, medium and heavy grazing intensities in the flowering stage (the second half of june 2013) were performed. initially, from a 90-meter transects perpendicular to the slope...

overgrazing and inappropriate use of taleghan rangelands has led to poor and very poor condition for almost all vegetation types. taking the importance of rangelands in forage production and other benefits into consideration, management of these rangelands and improving their condition seems essential. the present research was conducted using data integration of vegetation, condition, slope, so...