A guard trace placed near a signal line reduces commonmode radiation from a printed circuit board. The reduction effect is evaluated by the imbalance difference model, which was proposed by the authors, when the guard trace has exactly the same potential as the return plane. However, depending on interval of ground connection of the guard trace, the radiation can increase when the guard trace r...

Isolated guard cells, prepared by sonication of epidermal peels, were used to investigate the endogenous level of abscisic acid (ABA) in the guard cells of turgid and stressed leaves of Vicia faba L. and the argenteum (arg) mutant of Pisum sativum L. The guard cells of V. faba and arg were found to contain 18 and 8 times more ABA, respectively, when isolated from stressed leaves than from turgi...

The three art gallery problems Vertex Guard, Edge Guard and Point Guard are known to be NP -hard [8]. Approximation algorithms for Vertex Guard and Edge Guard with a logarithmic ratio were proposed in [7]. We prove that for each of these problems, there exists a constant > 0, such that no polynomial time algorithm can guarantee an approximation ratio of 1 + unless P = NP . We obtain our results...

INTRODUCTION The first grape juice known to be processed in the United States was produced by Dr. Thomas B. Welch, a New Jersey dentist, in 1869 with the newly developed pasteurization process. Assisted by his wife and their 17-year-old son, Charles, he extracted juice from 18 kg (40 lb) of grapes (Vitis labrusca L.). They filtered and bottled the juice and pasteurized it in hot water to kill t...

BACKGROUND Grapes and their associated phytochemicals have been investigated for beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, and other chronic diseases, but the effect of grape consumption on bone health has not been fully determined. We previously found short-term benefits of grape products on reducing bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. OBJECTIVE The objective of this ...

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of heating and physical conditions of grape seeds on the antioxidant activity of their extracts. Two forms of grape seeds, whole and powdered forms, were heated at four different temperatures 50, 100, 150 and 200 C. After heating, grape seeds were extracted with 70% ethanol (0.1 g grape seed/10 mL of 70% ethanol), and total phenol contents (TPC)...

We provide a spectrum of results for the Universal Guard Problem, in which one is to obtain a small set of points (“guards”) that are “universal” in their ability to guard any of a set of possible polygonal domains in the plane. We give upper and lower bounds on the number of universal guards that are always sufficient to guard all polygons having a given set of n vertices, or to guard all poly...

stomatal closure are accompanied by cytosolic alkalization in guard cells. However, it remains to be clarifi ed how the alkalization functions in not only ABA signaling but also MeJA. We investigated cytosolic alkalization in guard cells during ABA-, MeJAand Ca 2 + -induced stomatal closure of wild type, abi1-1 , abi2-1 , ost1-2 and coi1 using a pHsensitive fl uorescent dye, BCECF-AM. ABA induc...

REQUESTED AMOUNT $ PROPOSED DURATION (1-60 MONTHS) months REQUESTED STARTING DATE SHOW RELATED PREPROPOSAL NO., IF APPLICABLE CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX(ES) IF THIS PROPOSAL INCLUDES ANY OF THE ITEMS LISTED BELOW BEGINNING INVESTIGATOR (GPG 1.A.3) DISCLOSURE OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES (GPG II.D.1) PROPRIETARY & PRIVILEGED INFORMATION (GPG II.D.10) NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (GPG II.D.10) HISTORIC...

The mechanism for picking guards in Tor suffers from security problems like guard fingerprinting and from performance issues. To address these issues, Hayes and Danezis proposed the use of guard sets, in which the Tor system groups all guards into sets, and each client picks one of these sets and uses its guards. Unfortunately, guard sets frequently need nodes added or they are broken up due to...