English is a language that relies extensively on word order to signal grammatical roles and meaning of sentences. Although studies have heavily emphasized the role of word order for children learning English, there is little information regarding children learning languages that rely less on word order and more on inflections and particles. Such data would be essential in formulating a language...

The clinical marker in specific language impairment (SLI) population is the subject of considerable debate. SLI is the one of the frequently diagnosed atypical language phenomena found among early school-age children (McArthur et al., 2000; Spear-Swerling, 2006). For example, children with SLI have difficulty applying the Past Tense rule to verbs, even though they can accurately repeat phonolog...

A central question for psycholinguistics concerns the role of grammatical constraints in online sentence processing. Many current theories maintain that, at each point in time, the processor constructs an analysis which is consistent with the grammatical information in the input. Several bottom-up, dynamical models make a contrasting prediction: partial parses which are syntactically incompatib...

The effects on cognitive performance of breathing air, oxygen and nitrox gas mixtures at surface ambient pressures were investigated during an expedition to the Everest region of Nepal. A slight improvement in grammatical reasoning at altitude was found under nitrox (p < 0.05) and mathematical reasoning showed improvement at altitude on air (p < 0.05), oxygen (p < 0.01) and nitrox (p < 0.01). T...

The ergative inflection of Kuuk Thaayorre nouns is remarkably irregular. More than 15 distinct ergative forms are attested, none of which is phonologically predictable. This ergative inflection is also remarkable for its optional use. In spite of its primarily syntactic function, it may also be used to mark pragmatically ‘unexpected’ intransitive subjects, or be omitted where the referent of a ...

The problem considered in this paper relates to identification of trends in a given area based on analysis of Twitter messages. The approaches currently used for Twitter trends detection are based on n-grams. We propose another approach of trend detection based on identifying trend as grammatical relation and perform the identification of trending relations on the basis of their frequency chang...

Previous studies have suggested that sentence processing is mediated by content-addressable direct retrieval processes (McElree, 2000; McElree et al., 2003). However, the memory retrieval processes may differ as a function of the type of dependency. For example, while many studies have reported facilitatory intrusion effects associated with a structurally illicit antecedent during the processin...

It is now well-known that the feasibility of inductive learning is ruled by statistical properties linking the empirical risk minimization principle and the “capacity” of the hypothesis space. The discovery, a few years ago, of a phase transition phenomenon in inductive logic programming proves that other fundamental characteristics of the learning problems may similarly affect the very possibi...

An eye-tracking experiment examined whether prosodic cues can affect the interpretation of grammatical functions in the absence of clear morphological information. German listeners were presented with scenes depicting three potential referents while hearing temporarily ambiguous SVO and OVS sentences. While case marking on the first noun phrase (NP) was ambiguous, clear case marking on the seco...

In relative clause extraposition (RCE) in English, a subject-modifying relative clause is displaced to a position following the verb phrase, as in Some research was conducted that supports the existing theory. Previous studies have revealed that both grammatical weight (i.e. relative constituent length) and discourse factors are important for determining when and why speakers use RCE. However, ...