This ERP study employed an N2pc paradigm to investigate possible functional interactions between mechanisms of visual spatial attention and grammatical gender processing. Previous studies showed that the N2pc, an attention-related ERP component, can be modulated by lexical-semantic variables. However, it remains to be seen whether the N2pc can be affected by grammatical features as well. To tes...

This paper investigates to what extent the grammatical class(es) of a word can be predicted on the basis of phonological and prosodic information only. We report on several experiments with an artificial learning system which has to assign English wordforms to their appropriate grammatical class, using various types of phonological and prosodic information. First of all, we examine several phon...

We examined the abilities of aphasic patients to make grammaticality judgments on English sentences instantiating a variety of syntactic structures. Previous studies employing this metalinguistic task have suggested that aphasic patients typically perform better on grammaticality judgment tasks than they do on sentence comprehension tasks, a finding that has informed the current view that gramm...

Errors are one of the enigmatic parts in the process of foreign language (L2) learning as they are extremely versatile at each and every stage of the language learning proficiency. The present study, therefore, was an attempt to reveal Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical errors in writing at two levels of proficiency, namely lower intermediate and advanced, and then to investigate whether there w...

The present paper proposes automatic error analysis methods that use patterns representing grammatical check points. Our method is comparable to or slightly outperforms conventional methods for automatic evaluation metrics. Different from the conventional methods, our method enables error analysis for each grammatical check point. While our method does not depend on languages, we experimentally...

Many decision biases arise from the inability to ignore past events. The coherence of decisions is also compromised by the inability to fully use information related to the future. In Paccioli's game, a stake of money goes to the first player to score a certain number of wins. When the game is prematurely interrupted, they may divide the stake according to the proportions of wins relative to ro...

Determination of the role of subject experience in the development of accurate color difference formulas is of potentially critical concern. As part of a larger multivariable experiment investigating the minimum inter- and intra-subject variability possible among a set of subjects, a study was conducted to compare the performance of 25 novice versus 25 expert visual assessors for a set of 27 pa...