An authentication protocol was proposed in [11] for the generation of one time authentication identity, which can be used as one time passwords, generation of disposal credit card numbers. The proposed protocol was designed using a context free grammar and was in the learning theory domain. The protocol required that the context free grammar used for the authentication procedure be difficult to...

This paper explores a benefit of a language learner that accumulates and stores selected information about the target grammar, separate from the representation of the grammar itself. The benefit of interest is the ability to use the accumulated information to construct grammars other than the most plausible “best guess” grammar, and to use those grammars to advance learning. In particular, ther...

In this work we describe research aimed at developing an assistive vocal interface for users with a speech impairment. In contrast to existing approaches, the vocal interface is self-learning, which means it is maximally adapted to the end-user and can be used with any language, dialect, vocabulary and grammar. The paper describes the overall learning framework and the vocabulary acquisition te...

Strong learning of context-free grammars is the problem of learning a grammar which is not just weakly equivalent to a target grammar but isomorphic or structurally equivalent to it. This is closely related to the problem of defining a canonical grammar for the language. The current proposal for strong learning of a small class of CFGs uses grammars whose nonterminals correspond to congruence c...

The influence of prior familiarity with components on the implicit learning of relations was examined using artificial grammar learning. Prior to training on grammar strings, participants were familiarized with either the novel symbols used to construct the strings or with irrelevant geometric shapes. Participants familiarized with the relevant symbols showed greater accuracy when judging the c...

This paper describes a grammar learning system which combines model-based and data-driven learning within a single framework. Results from learning grammars with the Spoken English Corpus (SEC) suggest that a combined model-based and data-driven learner can acquire a wide coverage grammar from only a small training corpus. In this paper, we present some results of our grammar learning system. W...

The fact that early lexical and grammatical acquisition are strongly correlated has been cited as evidence against the view that the language faculty is composed of dissociable and autonomous modules (Bates & Goodman, 1997). However, previous studies have not yet eliminated the possibility that lexical-grammar associations may be attributable to language-general individual differences (e.g. chi...

In a guessing game, Ss reconstruct a sequence by guessing each successive element of the sequence from a nite set of alternatives, receiving feedback after each guess. An upper bound on Ss knowledge of the sequence is given by ^ H, the estimated entropy of the numbers of guesses. The method provides a measure of learning independent of material type and distractors, and the resulting data set i...

Introduction This paper introduces a framework for learning structure in natural languages, and reports results from a simple application of it to learning word-syntax of an agglutinative language in an unsupervised manner. Arguably, the learning environment of children acquiring languages provides more information—by means of linguistic interaction and extralinguistic information present in th...

This paper discusses how educators and learners can be benefited from blended learning. The research employed a qualitative research method. An unstructured observational approach was used to assess how the current teaching activities can be improved efficiently and effectively with blended learning. Four dimensions of language learning in relation to vocabulary, listening, grammar and oral ski...