in this paper, we show how to obtain suitable differential charactristics for block ciphers with neural networks. we represent the operations of a block cipher, regarding their differential characteristics, through a directed weighted graph. in this way, the problem of finding the best differential characteristic for a block cipher reduces to the problem of finding the minimum-weight multi-path...

The quality of laboratory analytical performance required to support medical decision-making has been defined in four major ways: (a) by the analytical variance of the state of the practice; (b) by the total variance, including analytical and biological variability; (c) by the loss of diagnostic efficiency attributable to analytical error; and (d) by medical-usefulness criteria. From the federa...

Governments situated on the same level of a multi-level governmental system compete with each other as well as with governments placed higher or lower. This paper is concerned with horizontal competition only. It discusses both competition based on the mobility of agents and competition based on comparisons of performance across jurisdictions i.e., yardstick competition. With regard to the firs...

ΑΕS _ CMCCv₁, ΑVΑLΑNCHEv₁, CLΟCv₁, and SILCv₁ are four candidates of the first round of CAESAR. CLΟCv₁ is presented in FSE 2014 and SILCv₁ is designed upon it with the aim of optimizing the hardware implementation cost. In this paper, structural weaknesses of these candidates are studied. We present distinguishing attacks against ΑES  _ CMCCv₁ with the complexity of two queries and the success ...

Governments face new and serious risks when striving to protect their citizens. Of the various information technology tools discussed in the political and legal sphere, data mining applications for the analysis of personal information have probably generated the greatest interest. Data mining has captured the imagination as a tool which can potentially close the intelligence gap constantly deep...

Human-capital differences have provided a common explanation for racial earnings differences, although for data reasons most attention has focused just on differences in school quantity and has left out quality considerations. Patterns of quality change, however, fill in an important dimension of human-capital movements and at the same time relate directly to major governmental policies. Trends...