Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and...

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of oil price shocks on discretionary fiscal policies in selected OPEC countries during 1980-2015. In this regard, the heterogeneous dynamic reaction to structural shock was examined using Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive (PSVAR) technique. Based on the findings, the effect of oil price shocks on discretionary fiscal policy was positiv...

Studies of the diffusion of policies and institutions tend to focus on innovations that successfully spread across governments. Implicit in such diffusion is the abandonment of the previous policy or institution. Yet, little is known about whether governments abandon policies that have failed elsewhere, as would be consistent with states acting as policy laboratories not only for policy success...

this paper used a general equilibrium model to evaluate the effects of adjustment polices. the model includes both demand and supply side equations. relationships concerning household and government income are also included in model. iterative three-stage least squares method is used-toestimatethe.model: then the mode/is used to simulate the effect of sevenaltemative policies on poverty and inc...

This paper examines the idea that the rate of inflation tends to increase nominal government expenditures faster than government revenues. it concludes that while government expenditures rise concurrently with inflation, real government revenues tend to fall based on collection tags. Empirical results using time series data for Iran support our expectations in which the longer is the delay in g...

Background This article conducts a comparative national and subnational government analysis of the political, economic, and ideational constructivist contextual factors facilitating the adoption of obesity and diabetes policy.   Methods We adopt a nested analytical approach to policy analysis, which combines cross-national statistical analysis with subnational case study comparisons to examine...

It is very important to implement agricultural sector policies in Indonesia. The Agricultural Census conducted by the Central Statistics Agency provides data needs both at national and global levels. policy 2023 (ST2023) activities designed so that results obtained are of international standard. International Standard refers FAO program known as World Program for Agriculture (WCA). With realiza...

the best deal. Nowhere is more real than today business environment which affect the success or otherwise of any business venture. Several authors have attributed failure of businesses particularly small and medium scale enterprises to various factors ranging from training of the entrepreneur to exposure and experience while some analysts opined that business environment could impact on small a...