This article examines the management and supervision of Islamic education in West Sumatra within a highly decentralized educational system. It addresses belief among Indonesians that centralized governance leads to regional unfairness hinders community involvement. In system, local governments have autonomy control their own functions, including education, aligning with goals needs communities....

delivering added value public e-services often requires cooperation between two or more government departments. in general, such cooperation is ensured by implementing interoperability between automated business processes. in spite of the existence of several works interested in public online services in general, only few of them were focused on measuring interoperability degree, whether used o...

background: psychiatric illnesses are an important group of co‑morbidities that can occur among patients with non‑communicable diseases (ncds). both these chronic conditions have an important implication in terms of quality of life, general well-being and cost of treatment and general longevity of the patient. the objectives of our study were to assess the burden of psychiatric co‑morbidities a...

Short rotation plantations (SRPs) are fast-growing trees (such as willow (Salix spp.), poplar (Populus spp.) and Eucalyptus) grown closely together and harvested in periods of 2-20 years. There are around 50,000 hectares of SRPs in Europe, a relatively small area considering that there have been supportive policy measures in many countries for 30 years. This paper looks at the effect that the p...

As in many other developing countries, emergency medical services, especially pre-hospital emergency care, has long been neglected in Pakistan. Consequently, patients are brought to the emergency departments by relatives or bystanders in private cars, taxis or any other readily available mode of transportation. Ambulances, where they exist, have barely a stretcher and arrangements for oxygen su...