In conventional form-based dialogue manager, the task structure of a given task domain is built on E-form or flat slot structure, which some useful structure information of the task domain has been lost. This paper describes a hierarchical task structure model that is domain independent at least for a class of task domains. Based on the task structure model, a rule based dialogue management, wh...

In order to transmit, share and store human knowledge, it is important for a robot to be able to acquire task models and skills by observing human actions. Since vision plays an important role for observation, we propose a technique for measuring the position and posture of objects and hands in 3-dimensional space at high speed and with high precision by vision. Next, we show a framework for an...

Rigorous analysis and evaluation of real implemented robotic systems for intelligent tasks are rarely performed. Such systems are often extremely complicated , depending not only onìnteresting' theoretical parameters and models, but on many assumptions and constants which may be set almost arbitrarily. We view all task implementations as particular parame-terizations of the task goals they repr...

One of the major criticisms leveled at task-based language teaching (TBLT), despite its countless merits, is developing fluency at the cost of accuracy. The post-task stage affords a number of options to counteract this downside through task repetition and task recycling. These two options are considered to positively affect learners' oral performance in terms of fluency, accuracy, and complexi...

As a precursor to the development of a gamified system to improve learning outcomes, we investigate the perception of important stakeholders, namely learners, on gamification in learning. However, as gamification is a relatively new approach/term, we neither assume that learners are knowledgeable about it nor do we attempt to explain the term in detail to them. Instead, we focus on common eleme...

Comparative studies on pen-and-paper and computer-based test principally focus on statistical analysis of students’ performances. In educational assessment, comparing students’ performance (in terms of right or wrong results) does not imply a comparison between the solving processes followed by students. In this paper we present an example of task analysis that allows to highlight how students’...

One of the assumptions in classical planning is that the environment is static: i.e., the planner is the only entity that can induce changes in the environment. A more realistic assumption is that the environment is dynamic; that is, there are other entities in the world and the actions generated by the planner may fail due to the operations of these entitites. In this paper, we describe a plan...