Mutations that provide environment-dependent selective advantages drive adaptive divergence among species. Many phenotypic differences related species are more likely to result from gene expression rather than non-synonymous mutations. In this regard, cis-regulatory mutations play an important part in generating functionally significant variation. Some proposed mechanisms explore the role of in...

Expressed sequence tag (EST) databases represent a potentially valuable resource for the development of molecular markers for use in evolutionary studies. Because EST-derived markers come from transcribed regions of the genome, they are likely to be conserved across a broader taxonomic range than are other sorts of markers. This paper describes a case study in which the publicly available culti...

A cell suspension culture of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), a producer of immunologically active polysaccharides, was cultivated in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor, operated in batch mode. After some changes in the internal bioreactor design a stable growth of Helianthus cells was achieved and the accumulated biomass reached 15.2 g/L (only approximately 5% lower compared to the accumulated biomas...

Abstract In central Europe, including Germany, Telekia speciosa (heart-leaved oxeye) is a synanthropic, non-native plant species commonly grown as an ornamental plant. A powdery mildew has recently been introduced on this host in Germany. This previously assigned to Golovinomyces cichoracearum (≡ Erysiphe ) sensu lato. Two German specimens of have sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. The an...