This paper investigates Government intervention in a three-echelon supply chain comprising one manufacturer and retailer. is the top level member trying to reduce environmental impacts based on amount of carbon emission during production process. controls by collecting tax from retailer which indirectly paid customer paying subsidy/imposing fine manufacturer. encourages contributing some subsid...

The rational bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) provides atomically precise control widths and edges that give rise to a wide range electronic properties promising for devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs). Since the commonly takes place on catalytic metallic surfaces, integration GNRs into requires their transfer onto insulating substrates, which remains one bottlenec...

Graphene based optical devices are highly recommended and interested for integrated optical circuits. As a main component of an optical link, a photodetector based on graphene nano-ribbons is proposed and studied. A quantum transport model is presented for simulation of a graphene nano-ribbon (GNR) -based photo-transistor based on non-equilibrium Green’s function method. In the proposed model a...

We report an electron transport study of lithographically fabricated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) of various widths and lengths. At the charge neutrality point, a length-independent transport gap forms whose size is inversely proportional to the GNR width. In this gap, electrons are localized, and charge transport exhibits a transition between thermally activated behavior at higher temperatures ...

Theoretical Simulations on Electric Properties of CNT-Me and GNR-Me Interconnects Using Effective Media Approach Yu.N. Shunin a,b,∗, Yu.F. Zhukovskii b, N. Burlutskaya a, S. Bellucci c a Information Systems Management University, 91 Ludzas Str., LV-1003 Riga, Latvia b Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia c INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Fr...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have gained significant interest as nanovectors for combined imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors. Delivered systemically, GNPs preferentially accumulate at the tumor site via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and when irradiated with near infrared light, produce sufficient heat to treat tumor tissue. The efficacy of this process strongly depends on...

Gold nanorods (GNRs) support strong localized surface plasmon resonances that can be exploited to enhance the fluorescence or catalytic properties of adjacent molecules. Coating GNRs with silica is frequently used functionalize their surfaces, but full encapsulation limits ability control spatial distribution molecules and related reactivity. For example, locating near ends would enable longitu...

In this paper, phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) are theoretically studied using a multiscale simulation flow from the ab initio level to the tight binding (TB) level. The scaling effects of both armchair PNRs (aPNRs) and zigzag PNRs (zPNRs) from material properties to device properties are explored. The much larger effective mass of holes compared to that of electrons in zPNR is responsible for i...

BACKGROUND The GEMINI spinal cord fusion protocol has been developed to achieve a successful cephalosomatic anastomosis. Here, for the first time, we report the effects of locally applied water-soluble, conductive PEG(polyethylene glycol)ylated graphene nanoribbons (PEG-GNRs) on neurophysiologic conduction after sharp cervical cord transection in rats. PEG-GNRs were produced by the polymerizati...