Erythromycin A (1), a well-established macrolide antibiotic, is unstable under acidic conditions. When administered orally, 1 is in equilibrium with its 8,9-anhydro-6,9-hemiketal and is simultaneously converted directly to the antibacterially inactive 6,9:9,12-spiroketal1}. A number of research groups in recent years have prepared new derivatives of erythromycin A by modification of the functio...

Pieces of the digestive gland of the starfish, Asterias forbesi, were incubated in vitro with various radioactive lipid precursors in order to follow the biosynthesis of the alkyl and alkenyl glycerol ethers. Acetate-1-14C was incorporated readily into alkyl glycerol ethers of both neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions, but very poorly into the alkenyl glycerol ethers. Stearic acid-l-14C and...

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) were administered orally to young male rats at doses varying from 50 to 500 mg/kg/day and 250 to 1000 mg/kg/day for EGME and EGEE, respectively, for 11 days. At sequential times animals were killed and testicular histology examined. The initial and major site of damage following EGME treatment was restricted to t...

Cholesterol (Chemical Name: Cholest-5-en-3β-ol) is a sterol and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Small amount of cholesterol is also found in plant membranes. It is also required to build and maintain cell membranes and act as an antioxidant.1 It has been reported2,3 that due to its presence in cell membrane, it partici...

BACKGROUND It has been shown that female workers exposed to ethylene glycol ethers (EGEs) in the semiconductor industry have higher risks of spontaneous abortion, subfertility, and menstrual disturbances, and prolonged waiting time to pregnancy. AIMS To examine whether EGEs or other chemicals are associated with long menstrual cycles in female workers in the semiconductor manufacturing indust...

Methoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, EGME), ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, EGEE), and ethoxyethyl acetate (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, EGEEA) are all developmental toxicants in laboratory animals. Due to the imprecise nature of the exposure data in epidemiology studies of these chemicals, we relied on human and animal pharmacokinetic data, as well as a...

UNLABELLED Experiments were conducted to quantify emissions and concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids from cleaning product and air freshener use in a 50-m3 room ventilated at approximately 0.5/h. Five cleaning products were applied full-strength (FS); three were additionally used in dilute solution. FS application of pine-oil cleaner (POC) yielded 1-h concentrations of 10-1300 microg/...

Exposure to various ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers (EGAEs) is known to result in hemolytic effect caused by their metabolites, appropriate alkoxyacetic acids, generated via both alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. It has been shown in many studies that administration of single doses of EGAEs to rats lead to dose- and time-dependent hemolytic anemia. The repeated exposure to isop...