Maintaining a stable electrode potential is critical for patch-clamp measurements. The electrode potential of conventional patch electrode-holder assembly, where an Ag/AgCl wire is in direct contact with the patch pipette filling solution, is subject to drift if the pipette solution contains a low concentration of chloride ions (Cl-). We developed an agar bridge of 3 M KCl filled in a polyimide...

This apparatus extends the sensitivity of an ordinary potentiometer and galvanometer so that accurate measurements can be made of the electromotive force of a cell containing a glass electrode having a resistance of about 100 megohms. The electronic bridge serves the same purpose as other circuits which have been described ;2 its advantages are good stability, high sensitivity, and moderate cos...

Carbonized lignin powder was used as a salt bridge for silver-silver chloride reference electrode. This easy-to-prepare electrode exhibited excellent stability in saturated potassium solution. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectra showed that prepared is stable acidic, neutral, and basic aqueous solutions (pH 1 - 12) has similar impedances to its glass frit equivalent.

By performing an acid-base titration by coulometric generation of OHor H+ ions at an inert electrode in close proximity to the pH-sensitive gate of an ISFET, it is possible to determine the acid or base concentration of a solution using the ISFET as an indicator device for the equivalence point in the titration curve. Typical values for the titration time are 0.1 to 10 s for acid or base concen...

The single-electrode voltage-clamp technique requires sharp glass-capillary microelectrodes, whose electrical properties often limit the capabilities of the recording system. Here, we describe a rapid and simple way of coating fine microelectrodes with Dricote and Vaseline that improves their performance during voltage-clamp. The coating prevented clogging of the tips, improved the capacitance ...