The enzyme GK (glucokinase), which phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate, serves as the glucose sensor of insulin-producing beta-cells. GK has thermodynamic, kinetic, regulatory and molecular genetic characteristics that are ideal for its glucose sensor function and allow it to control glycolytic flux of the beta-cells as indicated by control-, elasticity- and response-coefficients...

Finite temperature Euclidean two-point functions in quantum mechanics or quantum field theory are characterized by a discrete set of Fourier coefficients Gk, k ∈ Z, associated with the Matsubara frequencies νk = 2πk/β. We show that analyticity implies that the coefficients Gk must satisfy an infinite number of model-independent linear equations that we write down explicitly. In particular, we c...

In protein dynamics, allosteric regulation is a mechanism in which chemical interaction at an allosteric site, which is to say a site other than the catalytically active protein site, affects the conformation and subsequent function of the protein. Allosteric control is a fundamental control mechanism in cells, especially with regards to enzymes. We use mechanical forces applied to allosteric s...

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes two multiply inserted membrane proteins, open reading frame (ORF) 39 protein (ORF39p) and glycoprotein K (gK). The HSV-1 homologs of these proteins are believed to act in conjunction with each other during viral egress and cell-cell fusion, and they directly influence each other's intracellular trafficking. However, ORF39p and VZV gK have received very limit...

At late fetal age (21.5 days postcoitum [dpc]), GK rats present a severely reduced beta-cell mass compared with Wistar rats. This anomaly largely antedates the onset of hyperglycemia in GK rats. Thus, the beta-cell mass deficit could represent the primary defect leading to type 2 diabetes in the adult. The aim of this work was to investigate, in GK fetuses at the end of fetal age (21.5 dpc), wh...

The influence of the anti-epileptic drug, valproate, on K conductance (gK) was investigated in voltage-clamped Ranvier nodes of Xenopus laevis. A double pulse method was used in order to eliminate the effect of accumulation of potassium ions in the perinodal space, thus enabling the determination of the 'true' magnitude of gK. Valproate (2.4 mM) had a voltage-dependent action on the magnitude o...

Dear Editor, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develops only in insulin-resistant subjects when pancreatic b-cell compensation fails (Matveyenko and Butler, 2006). Decreased insulin secretory function and reduced cell mass are traditionally viewed as major contributing factors in b-cell insufficiency. A recent study using a diabetic rodent model suggests that progressive b-cell dedifferentiation ...

Before embarking on the proof, we first explain Theorem 1 in a bit more detail, in particular identifying the two categories that are relevant to our discussion. So let Gk denote the category whose objects are profinite group extensions of Gk by a pro-p group, and whose morphisms are outer open Gkhomomorphisms. Thus, an object of Gk is a profinite group G together with a continuous surjection π...

This research aims to identify and describe the thinking process of students in solving mathematical problems, both who have a field-independent type cognitive style (GK-FI) field-dependent (GK-FD). The subjects this study were eight people, consisting four GK-FI GK-FD students. Data was collected using Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT). selecting carried out stages (a) determining class be sub...

The bis(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)oxidovanadium(IV), VO(dmpp)2, has shown anti-diabetic effects by in vitro studies in Wistar (W) rat adipocytes and in vivo in obese Zucker rats. The aim of this work is to confirm the therapeutic properties of VO(dmpp)2 in non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. An in vivo study was carried out, treating W and GK rats during 21 days with ...