As society becomes increasingly spatially enabled, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) will evolve, and geographical information will be embedded in most information applications and services that society uses. This trend presents many opportunities and challenges. It means GIS technologies will facilitate ‘more’ by becoming ‘less’. As the general use of GIS increases, the visible appearance...

Introduction Since early ’90 GIS has become a sophisticated system for maintaining and analysing spatial and semantic information on spatial objects. The need for 3D information is rapidly increasing. 2D GIS analysis have shown its limitations in some situations, e.g. noise prediction models (noise spreads out in three dimensions) (Kluijver and Stoter, 2003), water flood models, air pollution m...

There are two methods for GIS similarity measurement problem, one is cross-coefficient for GIS attribute similarity measurement, and the other is spatial autocorrelation that is based on spatial location. These methods can not calculate subzone similarity problem based on universal background. The rough measurement based on membership function solved this problem well. In this paper, we used ro...

The methods used in commercial GIS packages for both the representation and analysis of geographic data are inadequate, because they do not handle uncertainty. This leads to information loss and inaccuracy in analysis with adverse consequences in the spatial decision-making process. The incorporation of fuzzy set methodologies into a DBMS repository for the application domain of GIS should be b...

Fertilised cropland is a potential non-point source of nitrogen contributing to the nutrient enrichment of surface water ecosystems. Nitrogen is present in drainage outflow primarily because of the addition of fertilisers. The purpose of this study is to model the nitrate leaching to surface waters using a quasi twodimensional mechanistic flow model (DRAINMOD) in combination with a GIS. The GIS...

In the process of constructing and applying the GIS, the data is the object of the GIS operation and the basis of the science decisionmaking and analysing so that the data quality is determined the success or failure of the whole system application. Any indeterminations in the data layers can diffuse through analysing and combining with other error source. It makes risks to decisionmaking. The ...