OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between 2nd to 4th digit ratio (digit ratio) and prostate cancer detection rate and biopsy findings, including Gleason score. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 770 consecutive men aged 40 years or older that presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), right hand 2nd and 4th digit lengths were measured prior to PSA determinations, DRE and transrectal u...

This paper proposes the implementation of digit-serial Canonical Signed-Digit (CSD) coefficient FIR filters which can be used as format conversion filters in place of the ones employed for the MPEG2 TM5 (test model 5). A canonical digit representation of signed numbers is used to reduce the complexities in multiply operations. Practical design guidelines of digit-serial CSD FIR filter are provi...

This paper presents a novel eld-programmable gate array logic block architecture which incorporates support for digit-serial DSP architectures on a digit wide basis, without diminishing the support for random and control logic applications. To eeciently realize a digit-serial DSP design on FPGAs, one must create an FPGA architecture optimized for those types of systems. Key to the suitability o...

Males and females generally have different finger proportions. In males, digit 2 is shorter than digit 4, but in females digit 2 is the same length or longer than digit 4. The second- to fourth-digit (2D:4D) ratio correlates with numerous sexually dimorphic behavioral and physiological conditions. Although correlational studies suggest that digit ratios reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, th...

New cyclic n-digit Gray codes are constructed over {0, 1, . . . , R − 1} for all R,n ≥ 2. These codes have the property that the distribution of the digit changes (transition counts) is close to uniform: For every n ≥ 2, the number of occurrences of each digit in the n-digit codes is within R-1 of the average Rn/n, and for the 2-digit codes every transition count is either bR2/2c or dR2/2e.