one of the main objectives of ecosystem management is to preserve the speciesdiversity. many researchers regard higher species diversity as the stability of ecologicalsystems. the aim of this study is to investigate the stability and relationships betweentopographical factors with diversity indices in ghorkhud mountainous rangeland innorthern khorasan province, iran. for data sampling (2012), l...

Arasbaran protected area is located in NW Iran, is one of nine designated Biosphere Reserves in Iran. According to the literatures and the current study, 1067 plant taxa are identified in the area. Eighteen plant taxa of the area are endemic to Iran. Hemicryptophytes (42.5 %) are the most frequent life forms in the reserve followed by therophytes (25.8 %), cryptophytes (18.8 %), phanerophytes (...

Abstract More than 15% of global terrestrial area is under some form protection and there a growing impetus to increase this coverage 30% by 2030. But not all effective the reasons countries’ protected areas (PAs) are more others’ poorly understood. We evaluate effectiveness national PA networks established between 2000 2012 globally in avoiding forest loss, taking into account underlying defor...