In this article we reflect on how freshwater research has evolved in South Africa from its beginnings in the early 20th century and how it has altered over time to align with the post-1994 socio-political environment. We situate aquatic science within a research question to explore why aquatic science has developed in the manner it has done, providing some of the broader environment of politica...

The development of sport performances in the future is a subject of myth and disagreement among experts. In particular, an article in 2004 [1] gave rise to a lively debate in the academic field. It stated that linear models can be used to predict human performance in sprint races in a far future. As arguments favoring and opposing such methodology were discussed, other publications empirically ...

The growth of clean energies and technologies requires a sound financial market, while equity bond markets are exposed to geopolitical risks. We investigate the response green bonds newly develop decomposed measures risks, including acts, threats, narrow broad measures. To this end, we apply two robust methods; namely, cross-quantilogram quantile (QQ) approaches, estimate conditional unconditio...

in 2008, the organisation of gas exporting countries (ogec) was formally established with 11 members in doha, qatar. while having economic and business nature, the organisation is seen as the gas opec, having the potential for changing the geo-strategic and geopolitical structure of the world. therefore, it is regarded as a threat by europe and the us to the security of their energy supply. isl...

Undoubtedly, during the post-Cold War era, the fields of political competition changed and with the change in the political geography of the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus and Central Asia, as the Soviet Union collapsed and new countries emerged, the field of competition for a change in power balance not only expanded but took on a new form. Economic benefits, diversification of fossil fuels and new...

Security and mobility have become a seemingly inseparable concept in the recent European geopolitical landscape. While historically deeply rooted social, economic legal aspects of migration been extensively studied, current emphasis on emergency management, which has radically shaping law-making law-enforcement dynamics, rather underexplored. Taking stock challenges emerging view adjusting enfo...

today regional integration has become the main source of concern for governments. in the era of globalization different parts of the world have formed regional groupings. realizing their geopolitical, geostrategic and geo-economic status, these regions have regional structures with various degrees of regionalism. geopolitical region of the caucasus is considered as one of the geopolitical regio...