Street networks can be visualized in various ways depending on the purpose. Here we introduce (in the present context) a new technique for visualizing the orientation of street networks in relation to complex topography. The technique is tested on the city of Sheffield, England, with a current population of about 555,500 (in 2010) and a total street number of 23,500. Using digital elevation map...

Glacier roughness at sub-metre scales is an important control on the ice surface energy balance and has implications for scattering energy measured by remote-sensing instruments. Ice surface roughness is dynamic as a consequence of spatial and temporal variation in ablation. To date, studies relying on singular and/or spatially discrete two-dimensional profiles to describe ice surface roughness...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We provide a description and computational investigation of an efficient method to stochastically generate realistic pore structures. Smolarkiewicz and Winter introduced this specific method in pores resolving simulation of Darcy flows (Smolarkiewicz and Winter, 2010 [1]) without giving a complete formal description or analysis of the method, or indicating ...

Tensile testing is often proposed as the preferred methodology to qualify builds and materials produced through additive manufacturing. While there already work demonstrating difference in measured properties between tensile specimens different build orientations, this does not extend specimen geometries. In addition, body of knowledge domain typically made up studies that utilize custom combin...

Field surveys in the 724-km Queets river basin on the west slope of the Olympic Mountains in NW Washington reveal basin-wide patterns of distinctive wood debris (WD) accumulations that arise from different mechanisms of WD recruitment, hydraulic geometry, and physical characteristics of WD. Individual pieces of WD in an accumulation or jam can be separated into key, racked, and loose members. T...

one of the most important challenges in the development of urban railways network is the effects of railway vibrations on human and adjacent structures. although various investigations into the sources of railway vibrations have been conducted, very few research works have been reported on the influences of track geometry parameters on the level of vibrations. this is addressed in this research...

Abstract Crustal roots are identified in collision chains worldwide. Frequently mirroring the summits of mountain systems, they elegantly encapsulate concept isostasy. The rugged topography northern Iberia results from convergence with European plate during Alpine orogeny that formed Pyrenean-Cantabrian range. From east to west, range comprises three distinct parts: Pyrenees, Basque Cantabrian ...

[1] The development of topography within and erosional removal of material from an orogen exerts a primary control on its structure. We develop a model that describes the temporal development of a frontally accreting, critically growing Coulomb wedge whose topography is largely limited by bedrock fluvial incision. We present general results for arbitrary initial critical wedge geometries and in...

This study aimed to characterize the topography and mechanism of slow EEG potentials related to tongue movement (TMP), and to devise a method for their elimination. Eight adult subjects were recorded with 8-channel direct current (DC) EEG (n = 5) or with a 256-channel, dense array EEG (n = 4). Subjects were requested to push their tongue toward the incisors in a closed mouth. We examined the ti...

This article describes a new type of in situ ultrahigh-vacuum compatible kelvin probe based on a voice-coil driving mechanism. This design exhibits several advantages over conventional mechanical feed-through and (in situ) piezoelectric devices in regard to the possibility of multiple probe geometry, flexibility of probe geometry, amplitude of oscillation, and pure paranel vibration. Automatic ...