This paper describes a new approach to the problem of the structural research of clusters based on the theory of geodetic and k-geodetic graphs. We firmly believe that this same approach can be used when solving problems of correlation between structural and spectral metrics in complex networks. So, what we want to point out is about the possibility of applying one theory of networks (the theor...

Let G(R) be the unit graph associated with a ring R. p prime number and let R finite of order or p2 one rings Zp,Zp2,GF(p2),Zp(+)Zp Zp×Zp. We determine geodetic g(G(R)) each such ring.

There has been a need for geodetic network densification since the early days of traditional surveying. In order to densify geodetic networks in a way that will produce the most effective reference frame improvements, the crustal velocity field must be modelled. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are widely used as function approximators in diverse fields of geoinformatics including velocity fie...

Due to the relative lack of empirical field data, the response of very small glaciers (<0.5 km) to current atmospheric warming is not fully understood yet. Investigating their mass balance is a prerequisite to fill this knowledge gap. Application of the direct glaciological method is one option. Since most recently, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques operating in the near infrared rang...

Positions and maps of 1608 new compact sources were obtained in twelve sessions observed during 1994–2002 at the VLBA network at 8.4/2.3 GHz. These sources are recommended for use as calibrators for phase reference imaging and as geodetic sources for astrometric/geodetic VLBI applications.

Sea level is traditionally observed with tide gauges (TG). These measurements are relative to the Earth’s crust. To improve the understanding of sea level changes it is necessary to perform measurements with respect to the Earth’s center of mass. This can be done with satellite techniques. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a tool that can solves several hundred kilometers vectors wit...

We prove that the topological cycle space C(G) of a locally finite graph G is generated by its geodetic topological circles. We further show that, although the finite cycles of G generate C(G), its finite geodetic cycles need not generate C(G).

Much local government has been utilizing the large scale digital map with Geographic Information System (GIS). GIS will be able to efficiently work and to reduce mapping costs. However, the maintenance and renewal of a map database need much labor and time. However, the updating method of a map is not established yet and, there is little successful example. The purpose of this study is establis...

A new and significant source of information on earthquake studies has been provided by space geodesy. The data which are gathered by various techniques of space geodesy, can quantify potential of seismic activity in the region of interest. To achieve this goal, the main advantage of extra-terrestrial geodetic data in comparison with the conventional data from geology and seismology is the abili...