Introduction: Soil has an important role in nutrient cycle and an important function in storage, refinement, and movement of nutrients for the living and non-living parts. Soil pollution of heavy metals and elements is one of the common pollution impacts of human activities, especially industry. Realization of distribution pattern of these elements and their anthropogenic sources is a major par...

The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a method that is used to estimate parameters of interest under difficult conditions such as missing data or when underlying distributions do not fit the assumptions of Maximum Likelihood processes. The objective of this process is to find a probability distribution known as a posterior distribution in Bayesian analysis that can be used to estimate target p...

Multiple imputation is increasingly recommended in epidemiology to adjust for the bias and loss of information that may occur in analyses restricted to study participants with complete data (‘‘complete-case analyses’’). However, little guidance is available on applying the method, including which variables to include in the imputation model and the number of imputations needed. Here, the author...

The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project relies on geostationary (GEO) imager derived TOA broadband fluxes and cloud properties to account for the regional diurnal fluctuations between the Terra and Aqua CERES and MODIS measurements. Anchoring the GEO visible calibration to the MODIS reference calibration and stability is critical for consistent fluxes and cloud retrieva...

Recently, various services using the location information are developed with the wide spread of smartphones. Geo-fencing is one of the services. In Geo-fencing services, terminals automatically carry out the some processing associated with the virtual border when they detect that themselves passes the border. However, it is a problem that power saving of Geo-fencing service covering over indoor...

Geographical information System (GIS) has emerged as the core of the spatial technology which integrates wide range of dataset available from different sources including Remote Sensing (RS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Literature published during the decade (1998-2007) has been compiled and grouped into six categories according to the usage of the technology in malaria epidemiology. Dif...

The analysis of telemetry data is common in animal ecological studies. While the collection of telemetry data for individual animals has improved dramatically, the methods to properly account for inherent uncertainties (e.g., measurement error, dependence, barriers to movement) have lagged behind. Still, many new statistical approaches have been developed to infer unknown quantities affecting a...

Due to popular use of internet and fast progress of communications technology, the researches related to GIS in environmental models is being focused to use Geospatial Information System (GIS) in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this architecture, the geo service requesters can access the provided geo-services through the communication network by using client/server method. Effectivene...