PAULO A.V. BORGES1†, ROSALINA GABRIEL1†, ANA M. ARROZ1†, ANA COSTA2, REGINA T. CUNHA2, LUÍS SILVA2, ENÉSIMA MENDONÇA1, ANTÓNIO M. F. MARTINS2, FRANCISCO REIS3 & PEDRO CARDOSO1,4 1Azorean Biodiversity Group – CITAA, Departmento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Açores, 9701-851 Angra do Heroı́smo, Terceira, Açores, Portugal 2CIBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources) – Pól...

Heavy metals, various pesticide and herbicides are implicated as risk factors for human health. Paraquat, maneb, and rotenone, carbamate, and organophosphorous insecticides are examples of toxicants for which acute and chronic exposure are associated with multiple neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the role of pesticide exposure in neurodegenerative diseases is ...

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the mixed messages cultural and genetic inheritance in the constitution of human society is one b...

Millar (1961), in his study of gastro-intestinal cancer in Montgomeryshire, noted an increased frequency of oesophageal and gastric cancer but not of colonic and rectal cancer in North Wales. The present study is an extension of one previously reported which connected the high frequency of gastric cancer in Wales (Ashley and Davies, 1966a) with the genetic constitution of the Welsh people. It d...

Ovarian folliculogenesis in mammals from the constitution of primordial follicles up to ovulation is a reasonably well understood mechanism. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms that determine the number of ovulating follicles were enigmatic until the identification of the fecundity genes affecting ovulation rate in sheep, bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15), growth and differentiation factor...

The concept of body constitution first appeared in Matiegka (1921), who suggested quantification of body components on the basis of body’s external dimensions. Since Matiegka, a whole range of other methods for body constitution assessment based on anthropometrical dimensions has been developed. Fat is the main factor of inter-intraindividual variability of the body’s constitution during an ent...

In short then, this is a book of considerable value, most obviously to psychologists, obstetricians, pediatricians and others who may be called upon to counsel prospective parents, but the enormous range of disorders influenced by the genetic constitution of the host makes it imperative that this book be read as a text in basic medical science. It is encouraging to know that a comprehensive sur...

Numerous factors hinder our ability to recognize fully human teratogens. Among these are the limitations of animal and epidemiologic studies, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms of action of most teratogens, and the variability in expression of the clinical manifestation. Dose and timing of exposure, interactions with other environmental agents, and host susceptibility influence this va...

Autoimmunity is the consequence of the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental effects, such as infection, injury, and constitution of the gut microbiome. In this edition of the JCI, Dai et al. describe the use of knockin technology to test the mechanism of action of a polymorphism in the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) (LYP) that is associated with suscepti...

The physicochemical constitution of DNA cannot warrant lifelong stability. Yet, unlike all other macromolecules, nuclear DNA must last the lifetime of a cell ensuring that its vital genetic information is preserved and faithfully transmitted to progeny. An increasing body of evidence suggests that progressive genome instability likely contributes to aging and shortens lifespan. In support, defe...